Summary:
The weather is hot, food safety production technology needs to be improved urgently. When purchasing personnel choose air disinfection equipment, they are lamented that they are faced with intrigues, mutual falsifications and false propaganda among major equipment manufacturers, which ultimately leads to no choice. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various air disinfection equipment, explains the corresponding sterilization principles and advantages and disadvantages, and provides a scientific basis for the health and safety of the workshop environment.
Key words: food safety; ultraviolet sterilization; ozone sterilization; food dynamic disinfection machine
Glossary:
Static disinfection: The selected disinfection equipment has direct or indirect damage to the human body. When disinfecting against air, the operator needs to be equipped with protective measures. Others cannot stay in the space being disinfected. This type of disinfection is called static disinfection.
Dynamic disinfection: The selected disinfection equipment does not cause any harm to the human body. When disinfecting the air, the personnel do not need to leave the disinfection site. The human-machine is synchronized in the same field, and there is no side effect on the human. This disinfection method is called dynamic disinfection.
text:
Food safety is a systematic project. It is not a certain kind of disinfection equipment that can completely guarantee food safety. Instead, it requires a reasonable mix of various disinfection equipment, because there is no Almighty King in air disinfection equipment. Only through the scientific and fair analysis and evaluation of its advantages and disadvantages can we unveil its mystery and facilitate the disinfection products required by enterprises to purchase according to local conditions.
1. Pros and cons of ultraviolet sterilization
1.1. Introduction: When organic pollutants pass through the ultraviolet irradiation area, the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the cell membrane and the nucleus of the organism, destroying the molecular bonds of the DNA, making it lose its ability to replicate or lose its activity. Therefore, the cells cannot replicate and the microorganisms will soon die.
1.2 Advantages: The UV disinfection machine has an additive effect on the microorganisms passing through the irradiation range, that is to say, the microorganisms that have not been killed in the first ultraviolet-irradiated area will be killed in the subsequent cycle. Ultraviolet light destroys the ability of microorganisms to regenerate. This is very important because a single bacterium can multiply hundreds or even millions of bacteria in 24 hours, which means that even the most effective air filter cannot completely remove microorganisms, so UV sterilization is the cure. The dose required for the microorganism to be killed by ultraviolet light depends on the intensity of the ultraviolet light and the irradiation time.
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an efficient, safe, environmentally friendly, and economical technology that effectively inactivates pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and protozoa with virtually no disinfection by-products. Therefore, in the disinfection of clean water, sewage, recycled water and industrial water treatment, UV has gradually developed into the most effective disinfection technology. Because of its high-efficiency killing effect on Cryptosporidium and no by-products, UV has shown good market potential in water treatment.
1.3. Disadvantages: Excessive ultraviolet radiation can cause damage to the skin, eyes and immune system of the human body. Therefore, ultraviolet rays can destroy human skin cells and make the skin premature. In severe cases, it can cause solar dermatitis, that is, sunburn or solar keratosis of the skin and mucous membranes, causing cancer. The eye is the most sensitive part of ultraviolet light, and ultraviolet light can cause damage to the lens, which is one of the causative factors of senile cataract.
1.4. Applicable: The ultraviolet radiation is affected by the space area, the suspension height and its own power. The effective sterilization space of a 30w germicidal lamp should be less than 30 cubic meters. It is generally believed that the germicidal lamp power per cubic meter of space should be greater than 1 -1.5w.
In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the irradiation distance between the disinfected object and the germicidal lamp, that is, the suspension height of the lamp tube should be less than 2.5 meters, and some of the unit lamp suspension heights are greater than 2.5 meters, or even greater than 3, 4 meters. The intensity of the illumination is almost inversely proportional to the irradiation distance. The suspension is too high and will inevitably affect the sterilization effect.
1.5. Warning: UV sterilization is a static disinfection method. When the UV lamp is turned on, all personnel should leave the disinfection site to avoid human injury. It is recommended to install the control switch of the UV disinfection machine outside, and all personnel should be turned on and turned off.
2, ozone anti-virus pros and cons
2.1. Introduction: Ozone is an explosive gas at normal temperature and has a special smell. It is the strongest known oxidant. The solubility of ozone in water is low (3%). Ozone has poor stability and can be decomposed into oxygen by itself at normal temperature. Therefore, ozone cannot be bottled and stored. It can only be produced on site and used immediately. The principle of ozone sterilization is mainly due to strong oxidation, which makes the enzyme inactive and causes microbial death.
2.2 Advantages: Ozone is a broad-spectrum fungicide that can kill bacterial propagules and spores, viruses, fungi, etc., and can destroy botulinum toxin. Ozone has obvious killing effect on microorganisms in the air. The ozone concentration of 30mg/m3 is used for 15 minutes, and the killing rate of natural bacteria is over 90%. It can remove odor, purify the environment and make the air fresh.
Ozone has a killing effect on the contaminated microorganisms on the surface, but the effect is slow. Generally, 60 mg/m3 is required, and the relative humidity is ≥70%. The effect of disinfection is 60-120 minutes. When ozone is used for disinfection of water, 0 °C is the best. The higher the temperature, the more favorable the decomposition of ozone, so the sterilization effect is worse. Humidification is beneficial to the sterilization of ozone, and the humidity is required to be >60%. The higher the humidity, the better the sterilization effect. . Ozone can be in direct contact with food, used for food disinfection and preservation, and does not cause residual pollution to food, and does not affect nutrients.
2.3. Disadvantages: Ozone is toxic to humans. The state stipulates that the allowable concentration in the atmosphere is 0.2mg/m3, so disinfection must be carried out under unmanned conditions. Ozone is a strong oxidant, which damages a variety of articles. The higher the concentration, the more serious the damage to the article, which can cause green rust spots on the copper sheet, aging of the rubber, discoloration, and reduced elasticity, resulting in brittleness, breakage, and bleaching and fading of the fabric. When using, it should be noted that ozone is irritating to human respiratory mucosa. When the concentration of ozone in the air reaches 1mg/L, it can be smelled out. When it reaches 2.5-5mg/L, it can cause pulse acceleration, fatigue and headache. If people stay 1 More than an hour, emphysema can occur, leading to death. Therefore, disinfection is carried out under unmanned conditions, and it will have no effect after stopping for 30-50 minutes after disinfection. After 30-60 minutes of disinfection, ozone decomposes itself into oxygen, and there is still bactericidal effect during the decomposition time. Therefore, after disinfection, if the room is sealed, it can remain for 30-60 minutes.
2.4. Note: Ozone sterilization is a static disinfection method. High-concentration ozone can aging rubber to make the copper sheet rust. However, when ozone is used for air disinfection, it is not pure ozone and has the characteristics of being easily decomposed. Moreover, it is generally used intermittently. Therefore, it is not easy to cause damage to environmental equipment. To disinfect the air with ozone, it must be in the absence of human beings, and it must be at least 30 minutes after disinfection.
3, food dynamic disinfection machine
3.1. Introduction: The food dynamic disinfection machine is a sterilization method approved by food companies in recent years. The bipolar plasma electrostatic field is used to decompose and break down bacteria, polarize and adsorb dust, and then combine the drug-impregnated activated carbon. The components such as electrostatic network and photocatalyst catalytic device are subjected to secondary sterilization and filtration, and the treated clean air is rapidly circulated and flowed rapidly, so that the environment of the food workshop is maintained in a relatively "sterile and dust-free" state. When disinfecting the workshop, people can work in the workshop at the same time. Therefore, the disinfection machine is called "food dynamic disinfection machine".
3.2. Advantages: The device can simultaneously sterilize the space air while the worker is working, without any harm to the human body. The food semi-finished product which is basically aseptic after high temperature is transferred to the steps of cooling, selecting, packaging and filling, effectively reducing or avoiding the microorganisms contained in the air adhering to the surface of the food, re-contaminating the food, and effectively improving the air and food in the workshop. Hygienic quality.
3.3. Disadvantages: The cost of the food dynamic disinfection machine is higher than that of ultraviolet light and ozone, and can only be used for air disinfection. It has no killing effect on the surface microorganisms of the object, and can not be used for water disinfection.
3.4. Applicable: The food dynamic disinfection machine is dynamic disinfection. It is suitable for cooling workshop, inner packaging workshop and filling workshop. It can effectively kill bacteria, purify the air and avoid secondary pollution of food in the air.
to sum up
According to the research results of Shanghai Kangjiu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., which specializes in food sterilization technology research and development and equipment manufacturing, it is more beneficial to ensure food safety by using ultraviolet disinfection, ozone sterilization and food dynamic disinfection machine. That is, when the workers work, the food dynamic air disinfection machine is used to disinfect the cooling workshop, the packaging workshop and the filling workshop environment. When workers get off work or rest, ozone is used to make ozone water to disinfect the workshop floor and working containers. The finished product warehouse, raw materials, and ingredient rooms can be disinfected by ozone air, and have the biological effects of driving rats and flies. After the workers get off work, the environment of the cooling workshop, the packaging workshop and the filling workshop can be disinfected by ultraviolet rays to prevent microbial growth and reproduction in the air during the rest of the workers.
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