First, the management of spring bee colonies after the beginning of spring is generally started after the beginning of spring solar terms. 1, check the bee colony in the examination to adjust the bee, put forward the rest of the spleen, to match the bees and spleen; find out whether the queen is alive, the nest is wet; also should find out the strength of the group and how much the feed, in order to take the appropriate Countermeasures. 2. Note that there is a large temperature difference between day and night in spring, and the nest door is enlarged during the day and the nest door is closed at night. Add cotton on both sides of the spleen inside the box and cover it with a cotton pad. When the insulation is damp, it must be changed frequently. The outside of the beehive and the bottom of the beehive were covered with hay. The box was covered with straw curtains and covered with plastic film. When the outer package is withdrawn at the end of spring, it is necessary to withdraw the strong group, withdraw the weak group, withdraw the top, and withdraw around the bottom and the bottom of the box. The insulation in the box should be gradually removed with the expansion of the nest door. 3, to promote the spring and early spring breeding should maintain the proportion of bees and spleen or bee more than the spleen, and promote spawning. The two weak groups or medium groups are separated by a gate, so that the two groups of egg rings form a unified whole, so that the propagation speed is much faster than that of a single group. 4. Prevention of Pests and Diseases After the bee is adjusted in early spring, the queen of bees will have the weakest vitality before they lay eggs. It is necessary to seize this favorable opportunity to kill. 25% of the spirit can be used to spit the spleen evenly, killing the effect is good. The corpse was removed the next day. To prevent rotten diseases, sporozoites, and paralytic disease, add a little long-acting sulfonamide (0.5 g/carton) to the reward feeding. After the new bees were released from the house, they were sprayed with 400,000 units of penicillin to replenish the bees once each time, and each frame was about 10,000 units. 5, reward feeding powder: early spring, natural pollen is not open, the queen began to lay eggs. In the case of honey without powder, defatted soy flour may be steamed with white powder. Every 1000 grams plus 200 grams of honey is stuffed with spleen and fed instead of pollen to the queen bee. Feeding water: The spring is cold and chilly, often due to cold winds and cold weather, the bees can't go out to collect water, and can use cotton soaked water to be placed on the bee road and change it once a day. Feeding sugar: If the spleen covers the honey foot in the nest, it can be used to open the nest cover for the bees to feed. If you lack honey, you can feed it with 2:1 sugar water at night. If the temperature and humidity permit, it can also be fed with 1:1 sugar water to promote the egg-laying of the queen bee. Every time you expand your nest and spleen, it is best to add some sugar to your spleen. 6, expand the egg ring, add spleen and expand the nest If the egg ring is biased at the end of the nest, the bee is more than the spleen and the climate is good, optional one of the spleen before and after the swap, the rapid expansion of the egg ring full frame. If there are only three frame spleen, two large and one small, the small spleen can be transferred to the middle, and the spleen is expanded after the spleen is expanded. The spleen should be added to the spleen inside the second spleen. The first added spleen is best to use the dark nested spleen of the brooded worm. The queen bee is easy to accept, has fast spawning and good insulation performance. 7. The strong and weak groups complement each other in early spring and the temperature is low. Because of the poor insulation and feeding ability of the weak group, the expansion of the oviposition circle is limited, and the weak group of eggs can be pumped to the strong group. When the new strong bees emerge from the room, they will supply the spleen of the bees and the spleen of the being out of the house to the weak groups, making the weak groups become strong groups. A large group and a small group are kept in the same box. The small group is left as a breeding area, and the rest is supplied to strong groups. This will be organized into a strong production group before the arrival of the Daliu honey period. Second, early management of bee colony to prevent spring failure as soon as possible to strengthen bee colony management, is to promote the development of bee colonies, and improve the key to the annual honey production. To prevent the spring decline of bee colonies, the following six measures should be taken: 1. To promote the excretion of early spring, choose sunny, warm and windless, the weather temperature is above 10 °C, remove the outside of the insulation and lid, warm the honeycomb, promote The bees fly out of the nest to eliminate feces accumulated in the intestines during the winter, restore their normal metabolic functions, and prolong their life span. If the weather is fine, they can continue to excrete them, and when the temperature is appropriate, remove the insulation measures. 2, note that the method of insulation to prevent the cold of the spring is: use paper to box seams, airtight window, with straw to the bottom of the box and the box around the back wall. The condition can also cover the beehive with plastic film. The inside of the box is covered with a cotton pad, a mat or a straw mat. The frame beam is covered with several layers of paper, and the center temperature of the nest is always maintained between 34-35°C. If the temperature is too low, it will affect the development of bee larvae and accelerate the aging of bees, making it difficult for the group to grow. 3, prevention and treatment of rickets early spring packaging, should be used to use the spleen smoked or soaked with saline method of disinfection, and then washed and dried spare. Before the bee colony enters the spring propagation, it is necessary to conduct sudden attacks to cure the warts. Generally, the acaricide 1 No. 0.2 ml heated water 500-600 ml is uniformly sprayed with the bees, and 5 ml of the bee liquid per frame can be sprayed twice. In addition, after feeding 5 grams of sugar solution per kilogram of sugar water for 5 days, add 2 tablets of tetracycline per kilogram of sugar water for 2 days, and then add 20 grams of vitamin B sugar per kilogram of sugar water for 5 days. Liquid, and then fed 2 days per kilogram of sugar water plus 4 pieces of fresh mother's sugar, so in turn feeding until the outside world has a powder source. 4. After the reward feeding and excretion, the bee colony that enters the breeding season should continuously feed high-quality dilute honey water to carry out the prize feeding to stimulate the queen bees to lay eggs and accelerate the spring propagation. Two days after the start of the prize-feeding, it will be changed once a day with larvae. High-quality honey water is equipped with: 1000 grams of honey plus 100 grams of purified water, use a gentle fire to about 70 °C, maintain 15 minutes, dry to 30 °C spleen feeding. If there is no honey, high-quality white sugar can be used instead. The ratio of white sugar to boiling water is 2:1, and the concentration can be increased to 3:1. To continue feeding, it can achieve the purpose of rapid reproduction. 5, adjusting the group potential After feeding, bee colony potential increased significantly, the bee more than the spleen, but this time the climate is unstable, the spleen is easy to cause the spleen more than the bees, plus new and old bees alternately, likely to cause "flash "Sub-" phenomenon, therefore, should be used sub-spleen transfer method, the son of the spleen around before and after, so that the spleen are full of eggs, and then for the spleen preparation. Choose a spleen that has been used for one or two years and has had a spleen and no drone, spray it with warm water, rely on the side of the spleen, and view the group for four or five days before adding it once. After that, you can directly insert it into the middle of the colony. The best use of horizontal boxes in the spring, placed 14-16 boxes. It is even more prudent to add the box plus the box. Adding too early will cause the temperature inside the box to dissipate. 6, disease prevention and poisoning spring bee colony common disease has big belly disease, bee sting, accidental pesticide poisoning. Most of the large belly disease is caused by gastrointestinal indigestion. You can add "milk enzyme" or "pick up" when feeding honey, and you can also add some chlortetracycline. The prevention and treatment of bee stings depends on whether the sputum is completely cured in the first year, and mainly depends on the hanging tablets and the liquid agent. Pesticide poisoning has become the biggest hazard for bee colonies that are difficult to be strong, mainly to avoid the concentrated phase of drug use in the wheat aphid stage and to preserve the strength of the jujube flowering period. Three, bees spleen spring in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, from the 50's have experimented with a nest in the early spring to begin breeding (cultivation and growth of bee colony), after more than 30 years of continuous improvement, 80 years later gradually popularized, indicating that the single spleen reproduction It has become a way for spring bee colony breeding. This kind of breeding technique that starts from the single spleen can make the bees lay eggs every spleen to reach the spleen (in addition to horn honey, the bee area is more than 70%) in the cold period of early spring, and at the same time guarantee that the bees are not frozen, so that The rapid development and expansion of bee colonies, early production of honey, royal jelly and so on. Single spleen spring propagation also has two breeding methods: single king group and double king group. The beekeepers with experience in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have adopted strong groups for winters in recent years (Single Wang Qun has 1.2-1.5 kilograms of bees per group, about 6 boxes of bees are around; Shuangwang group has bees 1.5-2.0 kilograms per group), darkroom wintering The method; the winter bee will be placed in the queen bee cage, making it stop spawning. In the overwintering bee colony, the Shuangwang group accounts for about half, each bee king has a bee o.75-1.0 kilograms, about 4 boxes of bees. 1. The rapid propagation of spring crops generally starts in spring and summer at 50 to 60 days before the local rape blossoms (Flower Period). For example, in the Qiantang River Basin, a large number of oilseeds bloom from mid-March to mid-April, which is the main flow of honey during the spring and the production period in the spring. The appropriate date for the start of spring propagation is around mid-January. After the bees have passed winter, the remaining 4.5 boxes of bees (single kings) in each group will multiply for about 40 days, and then they will be able to add sub-boxes. There will be more than 10 days left from the flow of rapeseed, and continue to accumulate new bees. Adjustment of production groups and production of honey and royal jelly. The winter colony of bees in the darkroom chose to enter the room in the late evening of the sunny day. The two boxes were juxtaposed. The bottom of the box was covered with grass. Straw was stuffed between the two boxes. The rewards were for three consecutive days to feed the thin honey syrup or thin syrup to encourage the bees to fly and excrete. Pre-selection of good quality empty nest spleen (bees spawned eggs, use of 1 year, light brown workers hive nest), in the two sides of the nest spleen on both sides of about 150 grams of prepared pollen spare. At the beginning of spring propagation, each group only uses a special box of powdered spleen on the center of the beehive to lay eggs for the queen bees. The distance between the sides is 15-20 mm and a partition is added. The original nest spleen in the box is raised in turn and the above Attached bees shake off and remove. After the bees are on the spleen, use straw bundles to cover the gaps from the outside of the two partitions to facilitate insulation. 600-800 milliliters of prized syrup for the evening. On the next day, the queen bee was released from the queen bee cage and the bee was ready to spawn. After that, 100-200 ml of syrup can be fed every night, and the amount is to maintain consumption and to have angular honey on the nest. Avoid compressing spawning area. Nightly rewards are sustainable. In the afternoon 7 days after the tightening of the spleen, the second frame was added to the spleen and the amount of powder was 400 g. The pollen was filled on both sides of the empty spleen and in both upper corners. After 14 days of tightening the spleen, a third box of powdered spleen was added. After a further 7 days, a fourth box of powdered spleen was added. The amount of powder was 500 g, and almost both sides of the nest were filled. The new bees that had been cultivated since then were gradually released from the house and entered the period when new and old bees alternated. Twenty-five days after tightening the spleen, in addition to adding a box full of spleen on the outside of the hive, an empty spleen was added to the center of the hive to provide spawning for the queen bee. At this time, there are six spleen cells in the hive. One baffle can be removed, and the spleen can be brought closer to the two adjacent boxes. Since then, the new bees have left their homes and have left their homes. The group's potential is expanding. Every 4 days or so, one frame of empty spleen can be added and the outer spleen can be replaced. After more than 40 days of proliferation, the nest box has been filled with 10 spleen. At this time, maintain a single box for about 7 days, when the beehive is full of bees, plus the box. The practice is: the 5 box cover spleen and large larvae spleen mentioned to the box, both sides of each plus 1 box full of spleen and honey spleen; nest box to keep 5 boxes nest spleen, control the queen of bees on the spleen to lay eggs; Between the nest and the box, a king board is added. At this point, royal jelly can begin to be produced and trophies can be continued. When the rape is in the honey period, honey can also be produced and pollen can be collected. 2. Powdered spleen preparation method 1 selected soybeans, slow-fired fry until crisp and sweet, cooled, peeled, ground into fine powder, over o.5 mm sieve, spare; 2 ratio of natural pollen and soy flour: spring multiplication A, the second frame powder spleen when the ratio of 1 to 5; third, fourth frame powder spleen 1 to 3-1 than 2; 3 powder and honey, sugar ratio of 5 to 3 to 2; 4 first add pollen The honey is softened in a large bowl, added with soy flour, and finally sugared. Stir thoroughly and evenly. Roll into a crushed batter and pass a 3 mm sieve. 5 Make a number of small and large screens according to the amount of ingredients needed to load the empty spleen. At the time, keep the empty nest room where the queen lays eggs. Place the mask on the middle of the empty spleen. Fill the outer edge of the mask with powder. After the powder is removed, use a bee sweeper to brush back. Make the powder ball deep into the nest room to reveal the room service; fill the nest side and refill On the other side; 6 After the pollen is filled, it is poured with honey, and it is caught in a large basin below, and the pollen in the nest room is soaked to make the bees compact. 3. Simple single spleen spring propagation method Due to different conditions such as climate, honey source and bee species, single spleen spring propagation method needs to be controlled flexibly, and it is not possible to simply add spleen by first three times, add one frame every seven days, and after 21 days Adding a spleen every 4-5 days requires mastering the spleen date based on the development of the colony and climate. Beginner beekeepers can adopt a simple method, that is, when the first spleen begins to multiply, add one powder spleen on one side of the baffle and add one more baffle on the outside of the spleen. After 7 days or so, if the bees have spread to the outer spleen and cleaned up the powder on the spleen, the spleen can be transferred to the middle of the hive, and a spleen is added on the outside. 4. Shuangwang Qun spring propagation method inserts a gate in the center of a 10-box standard beehive, and divides the beehive into two rooms, each with 5 frames. Put a box of powdered spleen on both sides of the gate, put the other nested spleen to shake off the bees and put it out, and add a baffle to the outer side at a distance of 15-20 mm. After every 7 days, add a box of powder spleen to each of the two chambers. The bees can fill the boxes shortly after the fourth spleen. At this time, depending on the situation, the weaker single king group may be supplemented with the Shuangwang group's cover spleen, or the box may be added. China Agricultural Network Editor
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