Vegetables are essential foods for people's lives, and in recent years, with the improvement of living water products, people's quality requirements for vegetables are getting higher and higher. Among them, green and natural vegetables are most popular among consumers, so how to grow them? The following small series will tell you about the cultivation techniques of organic vegetables in Shanshan County, and hope to help the growers.
1 Organic vegetable cultivation technology content
In the process of organic vegetable production, if you want to grow high-quality organic vegetables, you must ensure that the green and non-staining properties of the vegetables are ensured without the use of substances containing additives or chemicals.
First, rigorously screen vegetable seeds. At present, there are many vegetable seeds sold in the market. The organic vegetable planting technology puts strict requirements on the seed selection process. It is necessary to use non-GMO quality seeds, and the seeds must have a special certification mark to ensure the quality of organic vegetables from the source.
Second, strict control of the vegetable growth environment. There are fundamental differences between organic vegetable cultivation techniques and traditional planting methods. Organic vegetable growth has certain requirements on temperature, humidity, light, moisture, soil and other environments. For example, Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has become one of the organic zucchini production bases in China due to its geographical features such as distinctive landforms, surrounded by mountains on three sides, low slopes in the southwest, and inclined slopes that form a gentle slope. It is understood that the base is cultivated in strict accordance with natural organic farming methods, and no chemical compounds such as herbicides, ripeners, artificial insecticides or fungicides are applied.
Moreover, the cultivation of organic vegetables has certain requirements on the technical level of the planters. Vegetable growers must have experience in organic vegetable cultivation, and can use relevant technology in strict accordance with relevant rules and regulations.
2 Technical points for organic vegetable cultivation
2.1 Selection
The selection of organic vegetables needs to be selected in combination with regional climate characteristics. For example, Yanshan County has hot summers, cold winters, large temperature difference between day and night, and sufficient sunshine. The annual average temperature is 11.3 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 25 mm. When selecting vegetable seeds, the seeds must never be treated with chemical agents. In addition, it is necessary to select seeds with strong adaptability to the land and strong ability to resist pests and diseases.
2.2 Site selection
Avoid over-exploitation and frequent spraying of pesticides. It is necessary to check the soil quality in the area before the selection of the planting section to ensure that the soil remains pesticide.
Of course, we should not neglect the inspection of the surrounding areas of the organic vegetable growing area, and at the same time ensure the irrigation conditions and soil conditions of the vegetable growing areas to ensure that the planting environment meets the production standards of organic vegetables.
2.3 Irrigation management
Farmland irrigation management is an important part of agricultural management, and it is also the main method for rational allocation and utilization of water resources in tank farms. When organic vegetables are grown, in the high temperature and strong sunshine season, it is not possible to directly irrigate from the groundwater source, otherwise the soil temperature will drop and the plants will appear wilting.
2.4 Fertilization management
The organic fertilizer is the basis for the selection of organic fertilizer. This is mainly because organic fertilizer is a kind of non-chemical synthetic fertilizer, mostly made of human and animal waste, straw rot and so on. In order to ensure the growth quality of organic vegetables, it is necessary to adopt the concept of scientific fertilization, combine the growth and development needs of vegetables to carry out rational fertilization, and apply fermented fertilizer as much as possible under economic conditions. On the one hand, it can ensure the absorption effect of vegetables on fertilizer nutrients. Aspects can reduce production costs.
2.5 Pest Control
Pests and diseases are one of the important factors affecting the quality and yield of organic vegetables. Pest and pest control can be carried out by artificial, biological and physical methods. The artificial method refers to the inspection of the structural integrity of the stems and leaves of vegetables, and timely removal of diseased leaves. The biological method refers to the use of pests and natural enemies such as frogs and ladybugs to achieve effective prevention and control, thereby ensuring the economic benefits of the growers. Physical methods are usually concentrated in the form of induction, such as the use of lamp trapping technology, using the characteristics of the light, wave, color and other characteristics of the adult insects, attracting the adult to shoot the light, and equipped with a high-voltage power grid outside the lamp to stun the pests. In the insect bag, the method can trap more than 20 kinds of vegetable pests such as Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Homoptera.
Everyone knows that pests and diseases are often found in the process of growing vegetables. Now, it is essential to use pesticides. How do you grow organic vegetables? It is not as difficult to imagine that organic vegetable cultivation is needed. It only needs to pay attention to field management and disease control. The above is a detailed organic vegetable cultivation technique. You can refer to it.
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