The cultivation of wheat seedlings before winter is not only conducive to the rational development of the groups, but also to the steady growth of individuals. It is also the basis for many plants with multiple spikes, large spikes, many grains, and grain filling. The standard of pre-winter seedlings: Under proper sowing conditions, it is generally required that the main stem leaf age should be 6--7 pieces, the number of plants per plant should be 5--8, and the number of single-plant secondary roots should be 7-8. The number of tillers before the ear variety reached 1.2--1.5 times of the planned number of panicles, and the number of tillers before the big panicle variety reached 2.0--2.5 times of the planned panicle number. The main technical measures are as follows: (a) deep plowing, full base fertilizer. Deep plowing more than 25cm in the autumn tillage, at the same time the combination of the cultivator and cultivator, the cultivating tillage through the turbidity, reaching the "deep, fine, solid, flat" site preparation standards, in favor of seed germination soil and wheat root growth and development. Base fertilizer application should be dominated by organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers applied in the formula, and the patch of micronutrient fertilizer was insufficient to make up for trace fertilizer. The mass of about 500kg per mu is generally required to apply more than 3000kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 20--25kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 25--30kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, and 10--15kg of standard potassium fertilizer. In terms of production, base fertilizer layered application techniques should be vigorously promoted to meet the nutrient demand of wheat in each growth period. (b) Seed coating, fine sowing. Precoating the seeds before sowing not only has the effect of preventing and controlling pests, but also helps to take the whole seedlings and strong seedlings. It is a technical measure with less investment and significant yield increase. In order to ensure that all seedlings are seeded, the following four points should be taken into account when planting: First, we must plant enough seedlings. This is the key measure for realizing Miao Qi and Miao whole wheat. When planting, such as poor sensation, can be used before sowing or shallow sowing water pressure method. Second, it should be sown in proper time to ensure that there is enough accumulated temperature before winter wheat. It is required that from sowing to overwintering, the accumulated temperature above 0°C should reach 650°C-750°C to facilitate the formation of strong seedlings before winter. Third, it is appropriate to broadcast so as to facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings before the winter. Under suitable sowing conditions, the suitable sowing rate per mu for the multi-spike varieties is 4--5kg, and the suitable sowing volume per mu for the large-spike varieties is 8--9kg. Fourth, we must plant specifications in order to help improve the uniformity of wheat seedlings. Mechanical sowing should be adopted to ensure that the next kind of uniform, consistent depth, sowing depth is generally about 4cm. Such spacing planting, spacing generally 23--28cm. (3) Seeding, replanting and seedling transplanting. In order to ensure the whole seedlings, the wheat seedlings are checked immediately after the emergence of the seedlings, and if the seedlings are found to be short of ridges and ridges, the same variety and early rejuvenation are applied to replant. The method is to use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution soaked for 5-6 hours at 25°C. In the wheat three-leaf stage, the wheat seedlings are distributed evenly by thinning and thinning seedlings, and the wheat seedlings can be transplanted and transplanted in the ridges of the vacant shoots. When transplanting, do not press on the heart, do not expose under the white, buried under pressure, after planting watering, and appropriate fertilizer, in order to ease the seedlings. (d) Plan to crack down on repression and control Wang. Before winter, it is necessary to finely scratch 2-3 times, especially after the rain. After watering, we must also timely pluck, weed and protect the soil, remove soil compaction, increase the permeability of the soil, and promote root growth. Pre-winter repression can break up the rubbish to make up for cracks, keep it warm, and inhibit the growth of tillers. The repression should be carried out at noon before the ground is frozen. Do not repress the wheat leaves in the morning to prevent injury. The soil is too wet and saline ground cannot be repressed. Groups of large or prosperous wheat fields can cut roots 10 cm deep at the height of their tillering period to cut off old roots, spray new roots, and take deep roots, and play a role in controlling and promoting the aboveground parts of plants. Afterwards, the soil should be compacted to prevent the loss of wind and increase the damage. (E) scientific fertilizer, a reasonable watering. Soils with high fertility, adequate fertility, and good seedling performance are not top-dressed before winter; bases with insufficient base fertilizer, small pre-winter groups, weak growing habits or deferred fertilizer due to prosperous growth should be harvested before the winter, combined with watering Application of urea 5.0--7.5kg per mu. P- and K-free plots can be blended with N fertilizers to deepen and promote the transformation of wheat seedlings. In the case of poor enthalpy difference or scarce rain before winter, the overwintering water should be poured when the soil freezes and thaws, so as to improve the soil moisture status, stabilize the ground temperature, keep the seedlings safely in winter, and use winter water in spring. When pouring over winter water, the amount of water should be sufficient and it should be completed by the day. After the watering, the soil should be plucked in time when it is suitable for the soil moisture, and live over winter. (6) Disease prevention and pest control, chemical weeding. The pre-winter diseases and pests of wheat are mainly root diseases and underground pests. For land masses with severe sheath blight or full-bleeding disease, use 20% triadimefon EC 50-75g per acre and spray 40-50kg water. For wheat fields with heavy harmful ground pests, 1000-fold phoxim or 1500-times methyl iso-phos-phos solution can be used to control lice and golden needles. The sauteed wheat bran was mixed with 40% methylisosalt or 50% 1605 and was sprayed in the field to prevent earthworms in the evening. Tests and production practices have proved that the control of weeds in wheat fields before winter is best performed in the weeds at the 2- to 3-leaf stage. In wheat fields dominated by monocotyledonous weeds, sprays of 6.0% and 6.0% of Lumianfu L agent 75--100g on 40--50kg of water are used per acre. For diatomous weeds, 75% are used per acre. Superstar dry suspoemulsion or 50% Horada water dispersible granules 3--4g, 40kg water spray control; single and dicotyledon weed mixed wheat fields, 55% piroxigen suspension per acre 100--150g, water 40kg spray control. China Agricultural Network Editor
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