First, the factors that affect the effectiveness of soil trace elements: 1. Soil pH: The acid-base conditions of the soil directly affect the solubility and effectiveness of trace elements, in acidic conditions, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and other large solubility, with the soil As the pH drops, they increase their effectiveness. Under strong acid conditions, high levels may be toxic to some crops. When the pH of the soil is increased, the above trace elements will gradually be converted into hydroxides or oxides, the solubility will be reduced, and the effectiveness of the plant will also be reduced. The effectiveness of boron, molybdenum, etc. is also closely related to soil pH. Boron is present in the soil solution in the form of H3BO3 under acidic conditions, but it has a fixed effect under alkaline conditions and the effectiveness is reduced; molybdenum and boron are opposite, in Precipitation occurs under acidic conditions, reducing effectiveness. 2. Redox conditions of the soil: The redox status of the soil has a great influence on the availability of iron and manganese, which is a metamorphic element. The content of available iron and manganese in the reducing conditions is increased and the effectiveness is improved. 3. Fixation: Cationic trace elements are fixed by the clay and may enter the lattice and lose their effectiveness. When the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is large, zinc, iron, manganese and the like in the soil and the phosphate form a variety of phosphate precipitation and are fixed. In addition, organic complexes can make microelements lose their effectiveness; improper agricultural measures can lead to “induced lackâ€. In short, the primary factor affecting the effectiveness of trace elements is soil pH. Second, the application of trace element fertilizer methods: 1. Soil application method: trace element fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer or top dressing applied to the soil. In order to save fertilizer and improve fertilizer efficiency, it is usually applied to a plant or a hole. The application of trace element fertilizer in soil has a certain aftereffect and can be applied every other year. 2. Plant fertilization method: Apply fertilization method for quick-acting trace element fertilizer. (1) Seed dressing: The trace element fertilizer is dissolved with a small amount of water, sprayed on the seed, and sprayed while stirring, so that the seed is stained with a layer of fertilizer solution, and dried after sowing. Seed dressing dosage is generally 1-6g per kilogram of seed fertilizer, water 40-60ml. (2) Soaking: The soaking concentration of trace element fertilizer is 0.01%-0.1%, the soaking time is 12-24 hours, and the ratio of seed to solution is 1:1. (3) Roots: This method can be applied to the application of trace element fertilizers to rice and other transplanted crops. The concentration of 0.1% -1.0%, for the root of the fertilizer should not contain harmful root material. (4) Spraying outside roots: Spraying outside the roots is an economical and effective method of applying trace element fertilizers. Commonly used concentrations of 0.02% -0.1%. Both sides of the blade should be wetted with solution. The application of foliar fertilizers such as iron, zinc, boron, and manganese, which are easily fixed on the soil, has a good effect on foliar application. (5) Trunk injection method: When applying trace element fertilization in fruit trees, certain trace element fertilizers are easily applied to soil by soil application, and foliar sprays are easily oxidized, which is not conducive to absorption. For example, iron fertilizer can be used for trunk injection. The concentration of ferrous sulfate is generally 0.2% - 0.5% or a hole in the trunk, each tree with 1-2g ferrous sulfate into the hole, the effect is very good. Third, the application of trace element fertilizers should pay attention to matters Trace element fertilizer application has its particularity, if not properly applied, not only can not increase production, and even make the crops are seriously harmed. In order to improve fertilizer efficiency and reduce hazards, attention should be paid to the following matters when applying: 1. Control the concentration of fertilizer and strive to apply evenly: The amount of trace elements required by the crop is small, and many trace elements range from the lack to the appropriate concentration range. Therefore, The use of trace element fertilizers should be strictly controlled to prevent excessive concentrations and the application must be uniform. Trace element fertilizers can also be blended into organic fertilizers for application. 2. Applying to the condition of trace elements in soil: The effect and content of trace elements in soils of different soil types and different textures are different, and the effect of applying trace element fertilizers is not the same. Generally speaking, in the calcareous soil in the north, the availability of iron, zinc, manganese, and boron in the soil is low, and it is easy to lack. However, the availability of molybdenum in the acid soils in the south is low, so the application of trace fertilizers should be reasonably applied to trace elements in the soil. 3. Pay attention to the application of various crops to the reflection of trace elements: Various crops have different reflections on different trace elements, with different sensitivity levels, different requirements, and obvious differences in application effects. For example, if the northern cultivated fruit trees are sensitive to iron, zinc, boron, etc., the effect of applying zinc fertilizer to corn is better, rape and cotton are sensitive to boron, the grass crops are sensitive to manganese, and the leguminous crops are sensitive to molybdenum and boron, so it is necessary to target different crops. The sensitivity and fertilizer effect of different trace elements are rationally selected and applied. 4. Pay attention to improving the soil environment: Insufficient supply of trace elements in soil is often due to the influence of soil environmental conditions. The acidity and alkalinity of soil is the primary factor affecting the effectiveness of trace elements, and there are other factors such as soil texture, soil moisture content, and soil redox status. To completely solve the problem of lack of trace elements, while supplementing trace nutrients, attention should be paid to improving soil environmental conditions, such as the application of organic fertilizers in acidic soils or the application of appropriate amounts of lime to regulate soil acidity and alkalinity and improve soil nutrient status. 5. Note that with the application of a large number of elements of fertilizers, organic fertilizers: Only on the premise that the crop meets the needs of a large number of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace element fertilizers can show a significant increase in production. Organic fertilizers contain a variety of trace elements, and organic fertilizers are an important nutrient recharge source for maintaining the fertility of soil trace elements, which cannot be ignored. China Agricultural Network Editor
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