After the spring, due to the severe climate change in early spring this year, the spring climate is characterized by obvious characteristics. So we first talked about the relationship between climate and wheat, "the effect of high temperature and low temperature on the rising wheat during the jointing period"; then, due to the supernormal performance of several days of high temperature, We also said that "the wheat is said after the high temperature"; today, let the cold air of this "early summer" and "seconds back to the winter" soon "transit", the temperature began to rise, and then it was a wave of obvious warming process. In this regard, we should say "Wheat after cooling down" today.
The first question: The temperature in the early spring of this year has changed so sharply that it is not a cold spring? The answer is yes: not counting!
Figure 1: On the day of Ching Ming Festival, the snow is in the same place as the open dried plum.
Because the standard of cold spring is: the temperature in the biological sense (5 days average more than 10 ° C) into the spring, due to the role of cold wave cooling, and the biological significance of the temperature back to the winter, such performance is considered to be cold. The recent high temperature performance is to let the temperature reach the standard of entering the spring, but the cooling of the past is obvious, but the average temperature after 5 days of cooling does not reach below 10 °C, but it is immediately warming up - making the temperature Step by step to carry out the spring "steps".
Figure 2: Filming on the day of Ching Ming Festival - On the grave road, there is a snowy corn field next to the Beijing Shahe North City Railway Station.
The second question: Does this "not fall cold" cooling has any effect on wheat? The answer is also yes: yes!
Figure 3: On April 7th, a photo of Mr. Sun Roussien, a friend of Henan Province, sent to a circle of friends, the young leaves of the frosted leaf surface and the leaf sheath with a slight “upliftâ€.
1 Before the temperature is lowered, the temperature is “too highâ€. Under the “too highâ€, the “big drop†will definitely affect the wheat and it will have a significant impact. Just like our cold, it is easy to catch a cold. 2 The two spike-sensitive periods corresponding to the cooling were almost caught up. One is the damage to the young ears in the northern winter wheat area or the Huanghuai North area; the other is the damage to the young ears + pollen grains in the Huanghuai wheat area. 3 is that some of the cooling is obviously local and the damage to the blade. There is no effective remedy for all these injuries. Some of the measures for watering and fertilizing after the injury can only increase the unnecessary investment on the basis of the disaster.
The third question: several manifestations of damage to wheat after cooling
Figure 4: This is a photo of a friend from Baoding, Hebei Province, who sent a friend to the circle today.
The first is that we can see the damage to the blade right away. At this time, the injured leaves are mostly the most tender flag leaves, inverted two, inverted three leaves, these leaves are "double" functional leaves, they are not only responsible for the current nutrient manufacturing, but also responsible for the nutritional production of wheat filling period, so There will be an impact on production. Of course, watching the leaves are hurt, it is not necessary for the young ears to be hurt, at least there will be significant differences between the varieties.
Figure 5: Picture of frozen ears from a circle of friends today. If there is a spike in this state, the problem is still very serious, and the ear is directly degraded, and it is impossible to form the ear that can be extracted.
Second, the damage to the young ears is like the performance of the 5th and 7th pictures. Some of these injuries have not been seen for the time being, and we have to wait until the wheat is heading. The general performances include "light rod (declished spikes)", "half-cut (the upper part of the ear is degraded)", "the head of the monk (there is a complete spikelet)", and this may occur in many places this year.
Figure 6 is a picture of a friend from Henan Zhumadian sent to a circle of friends yesterday. It is inferred from the performance of such plant type, color and luxuriance that this species is unlikely to be damaged at low temperatures.
Third, damage to pollen grains. This damage will be huge, because the wheat area that has not seen the tassels south of the Huanghuai North has this possibility. The most sensitive period is that the flag leaves have been extracted, the flag leaf sheath is 2~4 cm away from the inverted two-leaf ear, and the young ear "è‹ž" has been slightly raised in the inverted second leaf sheath.
There are three types of performance in which pollen grains are injured:
1 After the ear is taken out, the color is yellowish and the wheat awn has a hairy feeling. This kind of ear is basically completely infertile (picture shown in the fourth picture);
2 The extracted tassels are basically normal, but the color of the top of the tassels becomes lighter and the awnings become hairy. This phenomenon indicates that the top of the tassels is hurt, forming a bald tip or what we call "top infertility".
3 The extracted ears are completely normal, but there are three abnormalities from flowering to fruiting:
a Normal flowering, but no anthers or anthers are rarely small (Figure 5). In this case, it is basically the infertility or low pregnancy of the whole ear. It is the low temperature that damages the anther, and the firmness of the ear is very poor.
b Both flowering and anthers are normal, but there is a second opening phenomenon within one or two days after flowering. This phenomenon indicates that some of the pollen grains are damaged by low temperatures. After the ear pollination, no normal fertilization was formed, and a second opening appeared. This second opening has two manifestations: the first one is open, but due to the lack of pollen in the field or the period of incompatibility, it is difficult to form a foreign cross, and finally only a part of the ear is bald or absent. Etc. (Fig. 9); the second is to open a large amount of pollen in the field, and the outcrossing is formed. This situation does not affect the contemporary yield, but the harvested grain cannot be used as a seed due to outcrossing. Use again.
c flowering is normal, there is no second opening phenomenon, but there is a lack of post-grouting phenomenon, we call it "invisible infertility". This phenomenon is not difficult to find out by more professional people, especially those types of tassels. Many times people watched this wheat grow well, but found that the yield was lower.
Figure 7: Damage to wheat ears after some cold damage occurred in some places in Henan a few years ago.
Figure 8: The effect of low temperature chilling damage on wheat flowering habits in some places in Henan a few years ago - Kaiying, anthers are small, anthers are gone...
Figure 9: Effect of low temperature chilling on wheat firmness - a bit too serious, to illustrate the problem.
This article URL: How to remedy crops after the cold spring? Wheat encounters cold spring water and fertilizer management remedies
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