North China is the main wheat producing area in China. The continuous development of wheat production in this region and the continuous improvement of the production level have made important contributions to the continuous increase of wheat production in China. However, this area is a very scarce area for water resources in China. The irrigation of wheat fields mainly depends on the over-exploitation of groundwater, which causes the groundwater level to decline year by year. Wheat production is not high-yielding, high-yielding water-saving is not feasible, and the combination of water-saving and high-yield is the long-term sustainable development of wheat production. Promote the application of “high-yielding technology for saving water and fertilizers for winter wheat†to improve the efficiency of water and nitrogen fertilizer utilization on the premise of ensuring high-yield and stable production, simplify management measures and increase efficiency, and achieve water-saving, fertilizer-saving, high-yield, and simplified multi-objective unification. It is of great significance to transform wheat production methods and promote the sustainable development of regional wheat production.
Technical points: 1. Filling the bottom of the plant to adjust the soil water storage in the wheat field: make up the bottom of the water before sowing, so as to ensure that the water storage capacity of 2 meters of soil in the wheat field reaches about 90% of the maximum water capacity in the field. The amount of water at the bottom of dredging water is determined by the moisture loss of 2 m soil before sowing. Generally, under the condition of about 200 mm of precipitation in August and September of the year, wheat is poured and poured at the bottom with 75 mm of water. When the precipitation is large, the amount of irrigation water can be reduced. At 75 mm, when precipitation is low, the amount of irrigation should be more than 75 mm, making the bottom sluice sufficient.
2. Use adaptive varieties with early maturity, drought tolerance, large ear capacity and large grouting intensity: varieties with earlier ripening time can shorten the later period of fertility, reduce water consumption, and reduce the damage degree of late dry hot wind. The multi-spike type or medium-sized variety with large ear volume is favorable for adjusting the number of mussels and the sowing date. The varieties with large grouting intensity have fast grain development, short grain-filling time, and stable production, and are suitable for applying water-saving and high-yielding cultivation techniques.
3. Appropriate amount of nitrogen, concentrated enough to apply phosphate fertilizer: about 500 kilograms per mu, nitrogen nitrogen fertilizer 10-13 kg, based on basal, jointing a small amount of topdressing, suitable base: recovery ratio of 7:3. When wheat is planted, 25-30 kg of ammonium diammonium phosphate is concentrated, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 1:1. High-yield fields need to apply potassium sulfate 10-15 kg.
4. Appropriate late sowing: The early sowing wheat field has long growth time and large water consumption. It needs early replenishment in the spring and limits the use of soil water under the same water conditions. Appropriate late sowing, good water saving fertilizer. The late sowing is based on the principle of heading no later than night. The wintering seedling age 3 leaves is a boundary, and the suitable seedling age is 3-5 times for the late sowing. All regions hereby determine the specific broadcast date.
5. Increase basic seedlings and strictly control planting quality: This model mainly relies on the main stems to form spikes. Within the above-mentioned suitable period for late planting, 300,000 mu basic seedlings will be used as the starting point, each seedling will be delayed for one day, and the basic seedlings will be increased by 15,000. Seedlings, with a minimum seedling of 450,000 seedlings as the last seeding limit.
6. Strict suppression after sowing: When the rotary arable land is still to be dried after sowing, it must be suppressed. Select the repression equipment, use a small walking tractor to suppress the pressure with the repressor, and press the ground to prevent the machine wheel from pressing deep grooves.
7. Spring water key water: This is an important part of water-saving and high-yield cultivation. The optimal watering time for the first water in spring should be determined according to the specific circumstances.
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