1. Cultivate strong seedlings
(1) Preparation before broadcast
Use plug tray seedlings or nutrition seedlings nursery. The tray substrate nursery needs to purchase high-quality commodity substrates, and nutrient soils need to be prepared with nutritious lotus seedlings. The preparation method of nutritious soil: The vegetable garden soil that has not been planted with melon crops within 5 years is uniformly mixed with high-quality decomposed manure (the amount is 30%), and piled up and covered with a thin film from the 60th day before the preparation of pupae to further ripen the nutrient soil.
(2) Suitable for sowing
It is advisable to sow in early September, enter the melon harvesting period in early November, and enter the melon period in late December, so that a certain amount of production can be formed before the winter. Early sowing and severe viral disease are not conducive to cultivating strong seedlings and are not conducive to long-term cultivation.
(3) sowing
Soaking with 60 °C hot water, stirring constantly, until the water temperature dropped to 30 °C when washing seeds with water after soaking for 6 hours, let the seeds fully absorb water, remove and dry slightly, wrapped in a wet towel, placed 25 to 30 The germination is about 30 hours under the condition of °C, and the seed can be sown when the length of the bud is 2 to 4 mm. Before sowing, the tray (or nutrient cartridges) shall contain 50% of the substrate (or 80% of the nutrient soil), be filled with water, and soaked with 1 seed per hole (钵) after the water is soaked, and finally cover the substrate (nutrient soil). Water and oxygen are required to germinate the seed, and finally, a layer of plastic film is moisturized on the nursery plug (or nutrient seedling bed).
(4) Seedling management
3 to 5 days after sowing can be seedlings, 50% of the emergence of mulching film, the daytime temperature control at 20 ~ 25 °C, night 10 ~ 15 °C, strengthen ventilation, prevent breeding diseases. Pay attention to controlling aphids to prevent the emergence of virus disease at seedling stage. As the bottom water is sufficient, watering is generally not required during the seedling stage. When the temperature is normal, such as the seedlings appear small, dark green and luster, the phenomenon of slow growth, it is the performance of fat or lack of water, it is necessary to add moisture. Watering must be done on a sunny morning. After the second true leaf was flattened, a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed once. The seedling age is about 20 days.
2. Site preparation
(1)Plot selection
It should be selected in the past 2 to 3 years without planting melon crops, soil bacteria in the low base, nematode less colonization. If you choose to plant a field of melons recently planted, you should do soil treatment before planting, the specific methods are dry and dry crop rotation, after field exposure, high temperature stuffy shed, pharmaceutical fumigation and disinfection, etc., to ensure that the field suitable for long-season zucchini season Cultivation.
(2) Fertilization for soil preparation
Deeply plunge the soil and plow deeper than 25 cm. Apply 1000-2000 kg of fully-fertilized high-quality farmyard fertilizer (1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure) per mu, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 70 kg of superphosphate, and 15 parts of potassium sulfate. 20 kg. To adopt a combination of ditch and Pu Shi, calcium superphosphate should be applied in a concentrated manner, and the concrete should be built at 80 cm intervals and covered with plastic film.
(3) Colonization
The long-season cultivation density of the zucchini should not be too large, the row spacing is 80 centimeters and 50 centimeters, and 1600 seedlings per mu. Moderate and thin planting is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, and is conducive to field operations, reducing damage to plants.
3. Field management
(1) Initial management
Colonization to the melon generally takes 18 to 25 days. After planting, it is irrigated, and it is not ventilated within 3 to 5 days. The new leaves started to grow, indicating that the slow seedlings were over. At this time, the plants should be ventilated in a timely manner, with no more than 25°C during the day and no less than 15°C during the night, which promoted the growth of the plants.
(2) Temperature and humidity control
During normal growth, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25 to 30°C and 15 to 20°C at night. When the outside temperature drops to 12°C, the covering shall be increased in time to ensure that the temperature in the night shed is above 10°C, and the minimum temperature in the short time shall not be lower than 5°C. Even in low temperature and rainy weather, ventilation and light transmission should be maintained to reduce the occurrence of diseases. In the coldest season, the temperature in the shed is low, the amount of water evaporation is small, and the water requirement of the plants is small, and the number of waterings should be reduced. During the high-temperature season from June to August, shade nets can be covered to reduce temperature and light intensity and extend the harvest period.
(3) Assistant pollination
Flowering uses bumblebees, bees or artificial pollination. Artificial pollination is best from 8 to 10 am. When pollinating, check whether the male flower has produced pollen. You can wipe the stamen with your finger and find that there is yellow powder on the tip of the finger, indicating that mature pollen has been removed and the male flower has been removed. Aligning the stigma of the female flower gently rubs to make the stigma pollinate evenly, otherwise it easily grows into a malformed melon, and 1 male flower can grant 1 to 2 female flowers. You can also use Paulownin and other hormones to protect the flowers. Apply on a sunny day from 9 to 10 o'clock in the morning. After using one brush to poke medicine, one melon tincture is applied. Under the first pen, the first pen is quickly smeared on the stigma, and the second pen is After the baby melon body is gently smeared from the tail to the handle of the melon, the entire process is completed. Can not be carried out on rainy days and in the afternoon. First, the effect is not good. Second, the fruit setting rate is too low, and it is easy to grow into malformed melons.
(4) Thinning and Thinning Fruits
Artificial pollination at the same time in order to eliminate too many male and female flowers, improve fruit set rate, promote the growth of young melon. Partial yellowing of the young melons due to insufficient supply of nutrients should be promptly removed to reduce nutrient losses and disease transmission. Males in the middle and late should also be removed in time.
(5) Picking leaves
When 8 to 10 leaves of zucchini are grown, each vine is hung with 1 rope. The lower end of the rope is staked on the ground or tied to the base of the stem of the squash. As the vine grows, the rope and the vines are entangled with each other. can. Zucchini has a long growing period, and later plants enter the aging period. If the main vine is aging or has poor growth, it is possible to leave 1 to 2 side vines. After the female flowers appear, the main vines can be cut and the side vines can be promoted. Remove disease, residual leaves and lower yellow old leaves in time to avoid causing disease and excessive nutrient consumption. Zucchini is dominated by the main vine, which should maintain the main vine growth advantage and wipe off lateral buds as soon as possible. Tendril growth also consumes nutrients and should also be removed as soon as possible. After pruning and rinsing leaves, streptomycin should be sprayed on the wound to prevent the wound from becoming infected.
(6) timely dressing
Before squashing, do not top-dressing, and the squash may not be top-dressing or top-dressing. After entering the melon period, the topdressing should grasp the principle of chasing after chasing after the ground. According to the growing trend of the field, combine topdressing with watering for 20 to 30 days, applying 10 to 15 kg of urea and 5 to 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Zucchini requires more potassium, should pay attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. During the melon period and late stage, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizers can be sprayed on the roots.
4. Harvest timely
The preharvest melon harvesting standard is a single melon weight of 500-600 grams, and the medium melon weight of 700-800 grams is harvested. The weather is good, the water is full and the plants grow vigorously, and the single plant can bind 3 to 4 melons at the same time. Ventilation should be increased, water and fertilizer should be reused, and timely harvested. The length of the melon period is related to management techniques. Insufficient water and fertilizer, high temperature, serious diseases and pests, and late harvesting can all lead to premature plant failure and shorten the period of ripening melons. In June, if the market conditions are not good and the prices are low, it can be ended for a long time. If the market conditions are good and the selling price is high, the field management can be strengthened and the harvest period can be extended to September to October.
Pest Control
Diseases of zucchini mainly include viral diseases, powdery mildew, and gray mold. Insect pests are mainly aphids. Virus disease can be treated with 20% virus a WP 500 times or 1.5% plant disease Ling emulsion 400 to 500 times alternately, spraying once every 10 days for 2 or 3 consecutive times. Before the onset of powdery mildew, 45% of chlorothalonil smoke can be used to prevent the use of 0.1 to 0.2 kg per acre in 4 to 5 places in a solar greenhouse, to light a closed shed and smoke for 1 night, the next morning ventilation, smoked once every 7 days, A total of 3 to 4 times smoked; after the onset, 40% DuPont Fuxing Emulsion 8000 times spray can be used for prevention and treatment, try not to control the powder Triadimefon, otherwise it is prone to phytotoxicity. Botrytis may be sprayed with 70% Sucrose 1000x spray or 5% polymyxin dust spray. Aphids can be controlled by imidacloprid, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and sprayed twice.
The results are often used to detect disease. Gastric acidity pH is 3.5 ~ 7.0, common in atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, secondary iron deficiency anemia, gastric dilatation, hyperthyroidism. Reduced gastric acidity is seen in duodenal reflux, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, etc. Such as duodenal bulb ulcer, Zhu-Ai syndrome, pyloric obstruction, chronic cholecystitis, duodenal fluid reflux will also increase pH.
normal
PH0.9 ~ 1.8.
Clinical significance of test results
(1) Gastric acid reduction: pH3.5 ~ 7.0, common in atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, secondary iron deficiency anemia, gastric dilatation, hyperthyroidism. Reduced gastric acidity is seen in duodenal reflux, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, etc.
(2) Increased gastric acidity: in duodenal bulb ulcer, Zhuo-Ai syndrome, pyloric obstruction, chronic cholecystitis, duodenal fluid reflux will also increase pH.
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