Release date: 2016-07-12
That place might be a romantic restaurant or a bench in your favorite park. A mouse study found for the first time that a region of the brain seems to be responsible for learning and remembering the precise location of places that people feel special.
Positioning cells are neurons that help people understand the environment. The hippocampus of mice and humans, a brain region that is important for learning, memory, and navigation, have such cells.
Nathan Danielson, a biologist at Columbia University in New York, USA, and colleagues focused on a part of the hippocampus. This site, called CA1, is responsible for signaling to other sites in the brain. The researchers found that the CA1 cortex of mice learning and storing the overall environmental map is different from the important CA1 memory cortex.
The researchers discovered this phenomenon by recording brain activity in two different CA1 cortexes of mice on a treadmill. The treadmill operates on six different surface materials, including ribbons, green plastic fibers, and silver-glued sealing tape. In all environments, mice need to have a sensor that can release drinking water.
However, in the first phase of the experiment, the sensor only worked occasionally. The mice developed a general map of the treadmills on various surfaces, and the team found that these memories were stored in the shallow cortex of CA1.
The team then activated the sensor when the mouse reached a special surface such as a silk band. Mice will learn to match their sputum with these "activated" areas, and the resulting map is stored in the deeper cortex of CA1.
According to Danielson, the team concluded that the CA1 precortex formed a stable baseline representing the environment, and the CA1 deep cortex mapped important memories related to emotions.
“It’s like navigating to our favorite restaurant,†Danielson said. “You need to know the overall location and the wider environment, but the location of this restaurant is of special importance and contains certain emotional elements.â€
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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