I. Analysis of temperature conditions in the pre-2015 period
According to the information from the Shandong Provincial Climate Center, since January of this year, the temperature in most provinces in our province has been higher than usual. Among them, in January, mid-January and mid-February, they were 2.4°C, 3.6°C, and 2.5°C higher than normal. Since mid-March, temperatures have risen faster. The average daily temperature is stable through the first day of 5°C, the peninsula area is March 12-15, the northern part of Shandong is March 11-12, the south-central Shandong and southern Shandong are on March 6-7, compared with the normal year. The peninsula, central and eastern Lu and the southeast of Lu are 5-11 days earlier, and other apple growing areas are 3-5 days earlier.
II. Short-term climate trend forecast in April
According to the prediction of Shandong Province Climate Center, the average precipitation in the whole province was 30-35mm in April, which is 1-2% more than in normal years; Heze, Jining, Zaozhuang, Linfen, Rizhao, and Qingdao have less than 1-2% in other cities, others More than 1-2% of each city. The average temperature in the province is slightly higher than usual. 11.0-12.0°C in Qingdao City, 12.0-13.0°C in Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao and Weifang, 13.0-14.0°C in Binzhou and Dongying, and 14.0-15.0°C in Dezhou, Liaocheng, Tai'an, Laiwu, Zibo and Linyi, Heze The three cities of Jining and Zaozhuang were 15.0-16.0°C and 16.0-17.0°C in Jinan; the five cities in Texas, Binzhou, Dongying, Zibo, Weifang were slightly lower, and the other cities were slightly higher.
Third, the apple garden management technology in spring 2015
According to recent climate characteristics, it is expected that the climate change will be more frequent and severe before and after the flowering period this year. Taking into account the impact of the warm winter effect on tree growth and development in 2014, the orchard management in spring 2015 should focus on the following aspects:
1, timely attention to weather changes, to prevent frostbite frostbite
Late frost damage during flowering often results in a significant reduction in production or even the production of many fruit trees such as apples, which is the most important natural disaster that threatens the safety production of fruit trees in China. Therefore, taking active and effective measures to prevent frost damage from apple trees is one of the important tasks for strengthening the production management of orchards in the spring.
The main technical measures for preventing frost damage during flowering are:
(1) Delaying flowering to avoid frost: 1 White trunks are painted in early spring. In the early spring, the trunks and stems are painted white to reflect light, reduce the absorption of heat energy by the tree, and lower the temperature of the canopy and shoot buds to delay flowering.
2. Strengthen the supply of nutrients and improve the resilience of the tree
(1) Branch spray fertilizer: Before sprouting, the crown sprays 2%-3% urea + 2%-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times to supplement the nutrient of the tree, promote flower organ development, and increase Resistant.
(2) Before and after flowering, topdressing: before flowering, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used to supplement tree nutrients to meet the needs of tree flowering for nutrient, improve flowering quality and fruit setting rate; post-flowering topdressing with available nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer is The main, supplemented by a small amount of potash fertilizer to meet the rapid growth of young fruit and shoots on the demand for nutrients, reduce the physiological fruit drop.
3, strengthen flower and fruit management
Due to the high temperature in the winter of 2014, the deep sleep of the tree was greatly affected, resulting in some flower bud differentiation lagging or imperfect, affecting flowering fruit set and fruit development. Therefore, the management of spring should pay special attention to strengthen the management of flowers and fruits, improve the quality of flowering and the rate of fruit set, promote the development of fruits, and avoid reduction of production. The main measures taken are:
(1) Pollination at flowering stage: Wall-bees plus artificial-assisted pollination or instrument pollination methods are adopted to ensure full pollination conditions and increase fruit setting rate.
(2) Spraying boron at flowering stage: 0.2%-0.3% borax was sprayed in the early stage of blooming to promote fruit set and fruit development.
4, strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases
Affected by the warm winter climate, the wintering base number of pests and diseases in orchards increases, coupled with weaker tree vigor, poor resistance, and proneness to pests and diseases. Therefore, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases to minimize the economic losses caused by pests and diseases.
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