Broccoli is a new vegetable variety promoted by Guigang in recent years. It has rich nutrition, good flavor and anti-cancer effect. It has the characteristics of strong growth, light pests and diseases, one year and two months, and significant economic benefits. In the promotion of new varieties, vegetable farmers should apply the method of soil testing and formula fertilization, and correctly master the techniques of cultivation of broccoli seedlings, planting, field management, and pest control.
1. Nursery
1.1 nursery time
In the middle of March, the spring eel was exposed to the ground, a small shed, and seedlings were planted. In the middle of June, the autumn eel was exposed to a hole or a seedling.
1.2 Variety selection
According to the cultivation season, the resistant varieties suitable for local planting should be selected, and the plants should be selected for vigorous growth, dark green buds, less focal buds, rounded flower bulbs, less lateral buds, large flower bulbs, resistance to disease, heat and cold, and wide adaptability. Excellent broccoli varieties such as Yu Guan, Wan Lu, Long Lu, Shan Shui.
1.3 Seedbed preparation
The fertile garden soil that had not been planted with cruciferous vegetables in recent years was selected as a seedbed. Before the sowing, 7-10 days, sow deep-swirling tillage soil, according to the soil fertigation card, each 1 square meter of seedbed maturity sifted organic fertilizer 15kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30g, and 50% thiophanate or 50% more bacteria Spirit and 5% Ruijinte 1500 times liquid and other chemicals to prevent the underground pests, to ensure adequate supply of nutrients at seedling stage, leveling, preparation for sowing. Preparation of nutrient soil before sowing: 50% carbendazim WP can be used to mix the fine soil, 2/3 of the seeds are planted on the bed surface, and 1/3 is covered on the seeds. Each mu of field needs seedbed 10 square meters.
1.4 sowing
Seed disinfection before sowing, that is, before sowing with seed 0.4% of 50% carbendazim wettable powder dressing, but also soaked with warm water 3-4h, soaking water is 3-4 times the seed, after soaking Germination for 24 hours, until the seeds can be sown white. Before sowing, the seedbeds are poured once. After the treated seeds are mixed well with the appropriate amount of sand, they are spread evenly in the seedbeds, covered with fine soil, and then moderately repressed with a shovel, and a double-layer shade net is laid to moisturize and cool the seedlings.
1.5 seedling management
After emergence, it is not appropriate to water more, otherwise it is easy to cause the occurrence of leggy and damping-off. The optimum temperature for seedling growth is 15-20°C. When the seedlings grow to 1-2 true leaves, the seedlings are removed 1-2 times and the thin and dense seedlings are removed. When 2-3 true leaves are to be divided into seedlings (pre-planting) once, when the seedlings are divided, they should be given enough water. During the seedling raising period, watering should be performed according to the dry and wet conditions of the soil. Generally, no fertilizer is applied during the seedlings, but according to the seedling conditions, fertilizer can be appropriately applied. Topdressing with 0.5% compound fertilizer water or using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, love more income, etc. for extra-root fertilization to promote growth. When the seedlings grow to 4-6 true leaves, they can be planted. The coverings are removed 5-7 days before planting, and the seedbeds are irrigated the night before they are lifted.
2. Colonization
2.1 Planting period
Usually about 1 month after sowing, colonization occurs when it grows to 4-6 true leaves.
2.2 Site Preparation Fertilization and Planting Selection Planted with good drainage, deep tillage, loose soil, fertile soil, and strong water and fertility in loam soil and sandy loam. Remove filthy shoots and weeds in the field 3-5 days before planting. Fertilizer 1200 kilograms, boron fertilizer 1 kilogram, imported compound fertilizer 40 kilograms or vegetable-specific fertilizer 70 kilograms, the base fertilizer is mixed with rotary tillage in the tillage layer, after the deep plowing is leveled, the width is 1.3-1.5 meters (bag ditch), from 15 centimeters tall. Double rows of plants, spacing 50-60 cm, spacing 40-50 cm, planting 2300-2700 plants per acre.
3. Field Management 3.1 Dressing
According to the law of broccoli requiring fertilizer, combined with soil testing formulation technology, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, it is generally required to top dressing 2-3 times. The first topdressing was 10 days after planting, and 10-15 kg of urea was applied per acre, followed by water soaking in the soil, which facilitated the absorption of the plants and prompted the early closure of the seedlings; the second topdressing was performed when the buds were 2-3 cm in diameter. Mushi high-quality compound fertilizer 25-30kg and potassium chloride 5-10kg. Begin the budding stage for the third application of fertilizer, 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre, combined with 0.1% boron fertilizer applied outside the root 1-2 times, to improve the quality of the flower bulb and reduce the occurrence of yellow bud and banana bud .
3.2 Watering
Broccoli has a relatively high moisture requirement. After planting, it should be poured with live water. Each time after top dressing, it should be watered in time. After the rosette period, the amount of leaf surface evaporation should be increased, and the amount of water should be increased appropriately to keep the soil moist during the budding period. As a principle, stop watering 7 days before harvesting.
3.3 Remove side branches
After the broccoli oscillates slowly, the lateral buds begin to grow in the leaves, and should be promptly removed in order to prevent nutrient depletion. In particular, the seedling stage and the lotus siting stage are also prosperous period of lateral branches. Usually, the 1-2 cm long time is removed and the collaterals are removed as soon as possible. The better, but for the 2-3th harvest, when the main flower bulb just appeared, keep 3-5 robust lateral branches in the upper part of the main flower bulb to form side branch flower bulbs, 7-10 days before the main flower bulb is harvested. , In combination with watering, a suitable amount of topdressing is required in order to harvest larger side branch bulbs, extend the harvest period, and increase yield.
3.4 Harvesting
When the top bud ball has fully inflated, the buds are relatively neat, the colors are the same, and the entire flower bulb remains tight and intact. The bright green color is suitable for harvesting. Broccoli has a short harvest period and must be harvested in a timely manner. If the harvest is too early, the buds have not yet fully developed and grown, resulting in reduced yields; when the harvest is too late, the buds have loosened, the spheres are uneven, and the buds are coarse and loose, and even the yellow petals are displayed, and the freshness will rapidly decline. Deteriorating, so as to reduce the value of goods. When the harvesting buds are cut off at 10 cm from the stem, the outer petiole (with 2 leaflets retained) can be removed and packaged and shipped to the market for sale. The production of broccoli planted by using soil testing formula technology has increased by nearly 20%, and the quality is also better. The output value is about 4,000 yuan per mu from the original, and it is now about 8,000 yuan.
4. Pest Control 4.1 Pest Control
The main insect pests of broccoli are Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and aphids. The prevention and control methods are: rational distribution, avoiding long-term continuous cropping of cruciferous vegetables, and removing stubbles in the field. Biological control uses black light to trap and kill adult insects, yellow plates, and other attractant insecticides. Chemical control uses 5% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid, BT powder wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray, and aryford injection sprays. A small amount of detergent can be added to the drug. If the Daqingye wolfberry blooms, it should be used Yefen loose powder.
4.2 Disease Prevention and Control
Disease types: mainly downy mildew, soft rot, damping-off, blight, black spot, bacterial black rot and so on. Control methods: Select disease-resistant varieties, the soil should be sun-dried, and apply appropriate amount of lime to improve. The chemical agent is sprayed with 70% mancozeb WP wettable powder 600-800 times, or metalaxyl 400-600 times spray, or 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 3000-4000 times liquid, or new Pharmacomycin 4000 times liquid and other agents alternately or mixed spray. Spray 2-3 times.
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