If the necessary precautionary measures are not taken during the production process of edible fungi, some bacteria and pests will occur in large numbers, which will cause great harm to the growth of edible fungi. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of prevention and emphasis on prevention. The main reasons for this are the following:
1. The nutrient-rich medium is suitable not only for the growth and development of edible fungi, but also for the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms. As long as other microorganisms exist, they will rapidly grow and multiply, causing harm.
2. When the raw materials are damped during storage and transportation, they are susceptible to microorganisms. When they are used, whether they are heat-sterilized or pasteurized, spores or eggs may be eliminated. When they are cultivated, they will sprout. harm.
3, Edible mushroom cultivation environment is not clean, or weeds, or accumulation of debris, or accumulation of discarded culture materials, to create a condition for breeding bacteria; mushroom house near the cow pen, chicken house, old mushroom house disinfection is not complete , The environment is too dark and humid, poor ventilation, will hide pests, breeding of bacteria, in the cultivation of edible fungi, inoculated culture materials or fruit bodies, mycelium.
4. The nutrition ratio of the culture materials is not appropriate, the accessories are too much, the water content is too large, the pH is not suitable, the water management of the mushrooming period is improper, the mushroom house is sultry, the humidity is excessive, the illumination is insufficient, and the fruiting body is not timely harvested. The conditions for the occurrence of pests and diseases are provided.
Diseases and insect pests can occur throughout the cultivation period of edible fungi, making it difficult for people to prevent them. In addition, miscellaneous bacteria and pests and edible mushroom hyphae are mixed and coexisted in the culture medium, and it is difficult to take measures to deal with each. If they are careless, they may also result in a loss of both. Therefore, pest control and sterilization are the most important prevention measures. The prevention and control measures are as follows:
1. The site selection and construction of the bacteria plant should be reasonable. The strain plant should be away from premises, feedlots and warehouses. The construction design of the charging room, sterilization room, sterile room and culturing room should be reasonable, so that the bottles and bags filled with good materials can enter the sterile room directly, and the species-producing bacteria bottles can directly enter the culturing room to reduce the transfer. Time, reduce the chance of contamination during transit.
2. Note the sterilization and disinfection of the inoculation room and the culture room. The equipment for the inoculation room and the culture room should be simple and tidy, and the room should be cleaned regularly to remove impurities. And regular formaldehyde fumigation disinfection. Contaminated cultures should be disposed of immediately, and should not be thrown away indiscriminately. Contaminated heavy strains or culture bags should be treated with deep burying. Avoid repeated contamination.
3, pay attention to the cultivation room, cultivation field health. Mushrooms and mushroom farms should be far away from warehouses, feedlots, and dump sites. The window and vents of the mushroom house should be equipped with a gauze to prevent the entry and exit of flying insects. Before use, fumigation or spraying of drugs should be used to disinfect and kill the insects. Scraps and mushroom residue should not be stacked near the mushroom house. To clear the mushroom farm and its nearby branches, rotten leaves, weeds and heaps of rocks.
4, culture material sterilization to completely complete. Strictly according to the requirements of the bacteria culture medium and cultivating materials sterilized, high temperature sterilization to achieve the pressure to the temperature to time, can not arbitrarily change the sterilization conditions. Fermentation of cultivation materials has the function of sterilization and insecticide. It is necessary to control the stack temperature and turn over the stack to ensure that all the stack materials have undergone the fermentation process. Before cultivating raw materials, it should be exposed to sunlight, and the earth-covered soil should be disinfected before use.
5, strict strain inspection, to avoid contamination spread by bacteria.
6, timely removal of broken mushrooms, keep the material surface clean. After picking the fruiting bodies, the bed surface should be thoroughly cleaned, and the mushroom roots, rotten mushrooms, and dyeing mushrooms buds should be removed. If necessary, the bed surface should be disinfected.
7, to create environmental conditions inhibit the occurrence of pests and germs. Utilize the gap between the conditions of germs, diseases and pests on the China Mobile ICT website, and the growth and development conditions of edible fungi, use or adjust the temperature, humidity, moisture, light, pH, nutrition, and air conditions to suppress the damage of bacteria and diseases. , to promote the normal development of edible fungi.
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