First, strengthen management measures to increase the capacity of vegetable production facilities
The greenhouse vegetables as the representative of the facilities of vegetables, is the main component of winter vegetables in our province, should strengthen the following aspects of management measures to improve the capacity of vegetable production facilities:
(I) Lighting Management
Illumination is one of the main limiting factors of winter vegetables. Various measures should be taken to increase the light in production, and the light requirements of vegetables in the shed should be guaranteed to the maximum.
One is the use of excellent film properties. Choose high-light transmittance, good dripability, weatherability, EVA film, PO film and other multi-functional composite film, pay attention to purchase regular manufacturers, reputable products. The second is to keep the film clean. We should insist on cleaning the sheds. After uncovering the awnings in the sheds in the morning, bundle the soft cloths on the wooden poles and clean the dust and debris on the plastic film sheds from top to bottom. It is also possible to hang static-free cloth strips on the surface of the shed. The strips are evenly distributed on the shed film and sway with the wind to remove dust and grass clippings on the shed film. This saves time and effort. The third is to take artificial light measures. In the case of continuous light and low light, the use of LED light source, iodine tungsten lamp, sodium lamp, etc. to fill the light better.
(B) Temperature Management
In order to prevent the cold wind from being blown into the room from the entrance of the greenhouse, it is better to build a buffer room in the greenhouse. In the buffer room or entrance to the entrance of the greenhouse, the film is hung to prevent the cold wind from directly blowing the indoor crops when people enter or exit the greenhouse. A plastic film is slung under the vent on the northern tip of the greenhouse. During winter ventilation, cold outdoor air will not be directly blown onto the crop, which is conducive to the normal growth of the crop.
Deep-season opaque cover (grass or insulation) Note that "late cover early cover", the specific method is: After the open grass in the morning, the temperature in the greenhouse does not fall for the appropriate time, not too early to expose the greenhouse Secondary cooling. In the afternoon, when the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 20°C, cover grasshoppers in time to save as much heat as possible to cope with heat loss at night.
(III) Fertilizer management
1. Watering. The management of water should be strictly implemented during the winter. In the late winter season from late December to late January, water should not be poured as much as possible, that is, water should be poured in the middle of December, and soil water should be lost in the case of mulching. Slower. If the weather in the winter is good (ie, there is sufficient sunlight), when the crops show lack of water, an optional cold flow may just be passed. On a sunny morning, drip irrigation (or micro-irrigation) or pouring water under the membrane may be used to avoid lowering the ground temperature. Greenhouse irrigation should be directly irrigated with underground well water. The water temperature for irrigation should not be lower than 7°C. Never use ice water from river water, reservoir water and pond water directly.
2. Fertilization. In winter, vegetable crops grow slowly and require less fat. If topdressing, it should be based on organic fertilizer and biological bacteria fertilizer, as little as possible chemical fertilizer. In winter, it is also possible to select sunny weather, spray the crop with pesticides, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% calcium nitrate and 1% glucose. After the spring air warms up in the late winter, increase the number of watering and fertilization. In low-temperature rain and snow weather, it is also possible to spray 0.5% calcium chloride plus 1% glucose on the leaves to increase plant resistance.
Vigorously promote the "water and fertilizer integration" equipment and technology, improve the level of automation management, promote the scientific application of water and fertilizer, and reduce the spread of disease within the facility.
(d) Gas Management
When there is a shortage of organic fertilizer in protected areas, carbon dioxide fertilizer can be applied. The crop needs to have a carbon dioxide concentration of 80010-6 to 100010-6. At the same time, when the temperature is high at noon, vents are opened to allow air to circulate, and toxic gases such as ammonia, ethylene, and sulfur dioxide in the protected areas are released to prevent the vegetables from being harmed by the air.
(five) plant adjustment
Vegetable plants in winter are generally weak, especially when they encounter abnormal weather. Pay attention to early harvesting of fruits and appropriate thinning of fruit and fruit to avoid aggravating plant burden, resulting in weaker plant growth and reduced resistance to stress.
(VI) Prevention and control of diseases and pests
In order to reduce the occurrence and spread of vegetable diseases in solar greenhouses, the key is to minimize the air humidity in greenhouses. Pay attention to the use of dust or aerosol as much as possible, and spray in the afternoon when spraying liquid medicine. Yellow traps and hanging insecticidal lamps are used to prevent and control harmless insects.
Second, to strengthen forecasting and scientifically respond to severe weather
Severe weather such as snow, snow, and extreme low temperatures has a great influence on the production of vegetables in winter, which can easily lead to a reduction in production or even a loss of production. Attention should be paid to the exchanges and cooperation with meteorological departments and the timely release of forecasting of severe weather. At the same time, take practical and feasible countermeasures to minimize the impact of severe weather.
(a) deal with strong winds
In order to prevent wind hazards, one must press the film with a cloth sleeve to press between the arches and prevent the film rope from breaking the film. The second is when high winds come in. It is possible to push two fine cloth ropes laterally on top of the grasshoppers and the outer coverings to prevent the grasshoppers (and the outer cover membranes) from being blown up at night. The third is to seal the air vents and doorways on a windy day to prevent strong winds from blowing into the greenhouse and reduce film damage.
(B) Dealing with Snow Disasters
When it is snowing, it is necessary to cover the grasshopper as soon as possible. The grass cover is covered with rain-proof snow film. To clear the snow in time, during the snowing season, a portable hair dryer can be used to blow snow. At the same time, some spare pillars must be prepared in advance. If the snow is very heavy, a pillar can be added at a distance of 3 meters from the front of the greenhouse to prevent the snow on the front roof from sliding down to the greenhouse in front of the greenhouse.
(III) Coping with continuous cloudy days
1. Advance preventive measures. The continuous number of days of winter (yesterday) in the production of snow has a great impact on the production of solar greenhouse vegetables. In order to reduce the loss, it is necessary to listen to and watch the weather forecast in time, and spray anti-diseases or antibiotics in advance before the arrival of the shade (snow) days. Cold agent, and ventilation as little as possible, early in the afternoon to cover the grass, so that the greenhouse to save more heat, but also should increase the insulation measures.
2. Managed during cloudy days. During the cloudy days, as long as the weather is snow-free, it can be uncovered before noon so that the crops will see scattered light. If there is lighting, you can turn on the lights and fill in the light at the same time. If the night temperature is low, conditions can be properly replenished.
3. After the transfer to clear management. When the weather turns fine, special attention should be paid to preventing light damage during the exposing process, that is, the transpiration intensity of the leaf under strong light is large, and the low ground temperature affects the absorption of water by the root system, and the plants are not supplied with water, and the leaves will lose water and wilt quickly. When severe, a noon blade will dry and dry. The avoidance measures taken are gradually exposing or exposing the flaws. If wilting of the plants is found, the grass must be covered immediately. After the plants are recovered, they are gradually exposed. If the plants are found to be wilted after being exposed, they can be sprayed with the same warm water or nutrient solution (0.2% to 0.3% of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture) at room temperature, and can also be sprayed with Amino Acid fertilizers to reduce wilting. , can add nutrition.
(d) Dealing with extreme low temperatures
Every year in winter, extreme cold weather below -15°C occurs, causing serious damage to greenhouse vegetables. In order to avoid freezing damage, cool air must be used to block the vents. During the day, increase the light transmission time as much as possible to increase the heat storage in the shed; cover the cover at night and increase the heat preservation. Greenhouse temperature-increasing combustion blocks, electric heating lines, hot air furnaces, etc. can be used for artificial auxiliary heating.
Third, seize the key links to protect the safety of open-field vegetables winter
The winter vegetables in open field mainly include cold-resistant vegetables such as garlic and spinach. Attention has been paid to the following key links in production:
1 Pouring antifreeze water to increase cold resistance. According to the soil moisture, combined with plant growth conditions, timely overweeping winter water, enhance the ability of crops to resist cold.
2 Spray foliar fertilizer to improve stress resistance. Spray foliar fertilizers such as “Dayuan 1†and “Tianda 2116†to improve the antifreeze and disease resistance of vegetables and ensure safe wintering.
3. Do a good job of film management to prevent wind blowing. In winter, when there is a lot of windy weather, if the mulch film does not cover tightly, it is easy to be blown by strong winds, which will not achieve the effect of warming and keeping warm. Therefore, before the winter comes, check the mulch film coverage of the vegetable field, and properly compact the soil to prevent the wind from scratching the plastic film.
4. Spread crop stalks or decomposed organic fertilizers and conduct appropriate insulation. In winter, in the fields of garlic and spinach, the spreading of crop stalks such as corn and wheat, or decomposed cow dung, chicken dung, etc., can not only play a role in keeping warm, but also prevent the wind from scraping the film.
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