Growth conditions and environmental factors Nutritional cultivation The main nutrients of black fungus are wheat bran or rice bran, sucrose, and calcium carbonate. Moisture and humidity Black fungus needs moisture at all stages of growth and development. The relative humidity of the air should be maintained at 90-95% to promote the rapid growth of the ear, large ears, thick ears. During the growth of black fungus, the requirement for water is “dry and wet and wetâ€, and it is continuously replaced. Water regulation can also inhibit the growth of bacteria and pests. Temperature black fungus mycelia can grow between 6-36°C, but 22-30°C is suitable, and it will be inhibited below 5°C and 38°C. The optimum temperature for the mycelia of the black fungus formation is 20-28°C. Illumination of black fungus requires different illumination at different developmental stages. Mycelium grows in a dark environment, and fruit bodies are formed under a large amount of scattered light and strong direct light. Air When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air exceeds 5%, the fruiting body will be poisoned and die, causing bacteria to infect and causing mycelia to dissolve. Therefore, during the cultivation of black fungus, the air on the cultivation field should be kept smooth. The pH value of black fungus is suitable for living in a slightly acidic environment. The suitable PH value for mycelial growth is 5-6.5. When preparing the bag, adjust the pH to 6. Calcium carbonate is an ideal buffer to control the pH of the matrix to maintain the proper pH. Cultivation management techniques Cultivation time Bagging time should be chosen from late October to late 11th, room temperature 18-24 °C, relative humidity of air 65%. The temperature is getting lower and the bacteria activity is at a low tide, which is conducive to the consumption of black fungus mycelia and ear infection in early spring. One of the following formulas can be selected for the raw material and ratio: (1) 75% of wood chips, 14% of wheat bran, 10% of cottonseed husk, 0.5% of calcium carbonate, 0.5% of sucrose, and a proper amount of water; (2) 70% of wood, 14% caramel, 14% bran, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% sugar, and adequate water. The production process of bag material black fungus mixing moisture content than bagging mushrooms slightly dry, in 50-55% is appropriate. Bagging and sterilizing are similar to those of shiitake (with 1555 tubes). Use the inoculation kit to inoculate in aseptic conditions, then take 4 points per bag, increase the amount of inoculum appropriately, and use the whole block to access, let the black fungus mycelium recover quickly and grow. After inoculation, use a bag to tie well and transfer it into the mouth. Training room culture. The training room should be cleaned in advance, sprayed with 5% phenol or peracetic acid on the walls, space and the ground. After the odor of the medicine is distributed, it will be moved into the inoculated bag and piled up in parallel. The temperature of the culture room is first controlled at 25-27°C to facilitate the colonization of mycelium; after 10 days, the temperature is lowered to 22-24°C, so that the growth of the mycelium is slower, but it is strong and robust, and the color is white; when the hyphae is 10 cm long , can be untied bag opening, to promote mycelial growth. The air relative humidity of the culture room is 50-60%. During the hypha incubation phase, the culture chamber should be kept dark to avoid the formation of ear buds and consume nutrients. In addition, the cultivation room should be ventilated regularly to keep the air fresh. When the mycelium is full of bags, it can be moved to the cultivation field for ear management. The ear field chooses well-ventilated, sunny, water-convenient, non-polluting sources, flood-protected plots or dry lands for the ear. Integral turtle trampoline, 120 cm wide, unlimited length, side ditch for the sidewalk. Spread the hay on a trampoline to moisturize and prevent the erosion of the ear tubes from the sediments. The ear tubes do not need to cover the film and build a shed to promote air circulation. Rowing and Ear Management In early February, the earpieces will be transferred to the ear field. Choose a sunny or cloudy day and tie the earphones into about 150 ear-holes (using a 0.6-cm-thick nail head to make holes) ). One week after the earrings were punched, only fine water management could be sprayed when the hyphae recovered from the ear canal, and sprayed once in the morning and at night. The amount of water spray was increased depending on the growth of fruit bodies. Water management is the key to black fungus cultivation. When the primordium is formed, the relative humidity of the cultivation field should be 90-95%. Water spray was stopped 1 day before harvest, and fine water was sprayed 5 days after harvest to moisten the culture material. After the new ear buds were formed, water spray was continued. Ears eight or nine points can be picked when mature, picking a group of fungus, fungus tube for the first time, so that the end of the ear cone bacteria evenly, to promote the formation of hyphae fruiting body, a total of three to five batch picking. The processing of black fungus is relatively simple, drying in the sun or drying with a dryer.
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