Bitter gourd is a vegetable we are familiar with. It is planted in the north and south. At present, the southern part is the main producing area of ​​bitter gourd. The producing areas are Fujian and Hainan. The main areas are open land, and the north is basically a greenhouse. Planting bitter gourd in the greenhouse, these management must be kept in mind, let's take a look at the following.
First, the big house bitter gourd pruning
1, the way of the rack
Bitter gourd is cultivated by scaffolding. Generally, the herringbone frame is used instead of the string hanging vertically to make the bracket. The reason is that the bitter gourd leaves are large and large. If the hanging is vertical, the bitter gourd leaves will block the sunlight from above and cause the greenhouse. The temperature difference in the vertical direction is very large, affecting the growth of bitter gourd in the lower part of the plant.
2, pruning method
The space inside the shed is limited. The bitter gourd must be pruned. The bitter gourd is a vine vegetable. The stem vine can grow up to 5 meters, and the branches can be strong. All leaf mites can be divided into side branches. On the main side of the vine can be knotted melon, summer and autumn bitter gourd due to the high temperature of the side of the planting vines, spring bitter gourd side vines.
When bitter gourd grows to 25cm, the vine is put on the shelf, and the remaining two strong side vines are removed below 1 meter. The side vines above one meter can not be removed, so that the nutrients can be concentrated on the main stem and several main side vines. on. In order to prevent the length of the person, generally remove the side vine before the initial flower.
After the first harvest of bitter gourd, a comprehensive pruning should be carried out, because at this time the plant begins to age, the upper leaves begin to turn yellow, and the melon type becomes shorter and thinner. After the pruning, the nutrients absorbed by the roots can mainly supply the melon strips, and most of the old stems of 0.5 m above the ground need to be cut off.
Second, the greenhouse shed melon pollination
The bitter gourd is male and female, and the average vine has an average of 5-6 female flowers, which are mainly born at the leaf ridges of 5-17 knots. There are few insects in the shed, bitter gourd is not easy to pollinate, and artificial supplementary pollination is needed. 9:00 am to 11:00 am is the most suitable time for pollination. After the bitter gourd flowering, pollination is carried out almost every day at this time. The male flower that is open in the morning is removed, the corolla is removed, and the stigma of the female flower is gently applied. One male flower can be 2 -5 female flowers pollination. It takes 12-15 days after flowering to harvest bitter gourd, and it should be timely, otherwise bitter gourd is easy to grow old.
Third, greenhouse porridge water and fertilizer management
1. The law of fertilizer requirement for bitter gourd
Bitter melon is resistant to fertilizer and is not resistant to cockroaches. The nitrogen demand in the early stage of bitter gourd is small. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer will reduce the quality of seedlings, inhibit flower bud differentiation, and affect the later results. During the middle and late growth stages, the fruit and vegetative organs grow in parallel, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is large. The requirements for water for bitter gourd are less in the early stage and more in the later stage. The seedling stage should be properly controlled to prevent the length of the seed. After the root melon is stabilized, the water requirement is gradually increased, and the water needs to be large after sitting.
2. Management measures
After the bitter gourd is planted, the planting water is planted, and the seedlings are properly controlled to control the water seedlings. After the root melon is seated, the watering and topdressing are started. For the first time, the topdressing should be a little more. Apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, 10 kg of potassium chloride, then combine watering for 1-2 times per harvest, apply fertilizer once, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, potassium chloride. 5 kg. Watering should adhere to small water and water, not dry or not. At the same time, root dressing method can also be used, such as spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, boron and other trace elements or 1% urea solution for foliar topdressing.
The above is the introduction of several managements of the bitter gourd in the greenhouse. To ensure the yield and quality of bitter gourd, it is very important to do these points.
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