How is the taro planted? Shantou is also known as the green scorpion, scorpion, and scorpion. It is the underground fleshy bulb of the perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Araceae. It is native to India and later introduced by Southeast Asia, South China and Japan. China is the most cultivated in the Pearl River Basin and Taiwan Province. The Yangtze River Basin is second, and other provinces and cities are also planted. The following Hui Nongwang Xiaobian mainly talks about the high-yield cultivation techniques of Shantou!
First, the cultivation conditions of the taro
1. Temperature: Shantou needs high temperature and humidity environment conditions, and the temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the formation of bulbs. The bulb formation period is 28-30 °C during the day and 18-20 °C during the night.
2. Moisture: Shantou prefers moist natural environment conditions, such as leeches or marmots. The soil during the drought and flood season requires soil moisture, and the water raft has a certain water layer.
3, light: Shantou is more resistant to low light, the light intensity is not very strict, and it grows well under scattered light. The formation and expansion of bulbs require short-day conditions.
4, soil: leeches need to choose paddy fields, low-lying land or ditch cultivation. Although drought and flood can grow in dry land, it still maintains the ecological type of swamp plants, and should be planted in wet areas.
Second, the selection of Shantou varieties
1. Red buds: Red buds are 90-100 cm tall, with broad ovate leaves and lavender petioles. The female baboon is large and nearly round. Each seedling is 7-10, the scorpion is fat, the skin is thick, the brown is white, the bud is bright red, and the yield per plant is 0.85-1 kg. More starch, excellent quality. Fresh oysters can be eaten or dried. Medium cooked. The growth period is 210-240 days, the planting period is 2-3 months, and the harvest is from September to October. The yield per mu is 1500-1700 kg.
2, white bud sputum: white bud germination is white, petiole is green, veins light green, petiole yellow green, slightly purple at the near leaf. The female scorpion is spherical or elliptical, slightly curved, the scorpion is elliptical or oblong, the bud is yellow and white, and each stalk is 15-20. The yield per plant is 500-750 g, the bulb has more water content, the meat quality is fine, and it is more mature and resistant to storage. The yield per mu is 1,250 kg, and the high yield can reach more than 1,500 kg.
3, nine head 芋: nine head 芋 plant height 80-90 cm. Leaves broadly ovate, petiolate green. The female and the scorpion are clumped, the scorpion is slightly more, the bulb is obovate, brown, and the flesh is white. The yield per plant is 1.5 kg, and the meat is smooth and tastes light. Vegetable food and dried for medicinal purposes. Late maturity, 270-300 days of growth. The planting period is 2-3 months, harvested from November to December, and the yield per mu is 2500-3000 kg. The taste of Jiudou is slightly better than that of white peony and red peony.
4, areca: betel nut plant height 80-150 cm. The leaves are broadly ovate, and the petiole gradually transitions from green to coffee red from bottom to top, up to the leaf core. The bulbs are oblong, dark brown, fleshy, with brown markings. The yield per plant is 2.5-3 kg. The moisture resistance is worse than other varieties and the storability is better. Late maturity, growing season 240-280 days. The planting period is 2-3 months, from November to January, and the yield is about 3,000 kg per mu.
Third, the cultivation techniques of taro
1. Soil selection. Planting steamed bread should choose fertile, water-retaining loam or sandy loam. Continuous cropping is strictly forbidden, and rotations of more than three years are generally practiced. Otherwise, poor fertility affects root growth and the formation of lice, and the rot is more serious and the yield is reduced.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization. The bulbs of the taro have the habit of upward growth, and the roots are distributed deep, requiring the soil to be deep and soft. Therefore, before planting, you should deepen the sunburn (should be deep ploughed more than 30 cm) to make the soil soft and breathable and contain more calories. Shantou should use organic matter-rich compost, such as compost, grass ash, livestock and poultry manure and garbage, which are rich in calories, fully decomposed, 2000-2500Kg per mu or 200-300kg of commercial organic fertilizer, which is beneficial to roots and bulbs. Growth is also conducive to the separation of the bulbs and soil from the taro after harvesting.
3, seed selection and processing. The buds should be full of buds, the bulbs are thick and full, the shape is complete, and there are no pests and diseases. The white-headed, green-green and long-handled bulbs are not suitable for seeding. The species usually has a dormant period of 2-3 months. Before cultivation, the seedlings can be dried for 3-5 days, so that the steamed bread loses water to enhance the activity and respiratory intensity of the enzyme, break the dormancy of the steamed bread, and promote the uniformity of the germination.
4, live or nursery
(1) Live broadcast. The growth period of taro is long, and the seedlings generally sprout above 13-15 °C. As long as they are not affected by frost after emergence, the sooner the seeding is, the better. The winter leisure fields in the area are suitable for sowing before and after the Qingming, with 3500-4000 plants per mu. 150-175 kg per acre. When planting, the seedlings are planted in the pre-opening ditch according to the prescribed plant spacing, the top buds are upwards, and then the soil is covered. The depth of the covering soil is not to be too deep, so as to enhance the temperature and promote the emergence of seedlings. The soil around the buds should be finely divided, and there should be no large mud to prevent the leakage of the wind or the exposure of the seedlings. Large and small seedlings should be planted in grades to facilitate field management. When the taro is broadcast live, the film can be covered by the film, which has a significant effect on the early maturity and high yield of the taro.
(2) Nursery. In order to grow seedlings early and ensure safe emergence at the appropriate time, seedling transplanting can be carried out, generally 20-30 days before transplanting. It is better to grow in greenhouses, keep the bed temperature at 20-25 °C, the humidity is appropriate, and the bed soil is not suitable. Too deep, the thickness is 10-15 cm, and the root regeneration ability is weak. When the seedling is nursed, the bottom soil of the seedbed should be compacted. It is best to lay a film underneath to limit the depth of the root group and facilitate transplanting. The seedbed is soiled, the thickness can be inserted into the stable seedlings, and then the compost or fine soil is used to cover the seedlings, and the straw is covered with cold. When the soil is dry, watering should be paid to promote germination, but it should not be too wet to avoid rotten species. When the buds grow to 1-1.5 inches, the cover is removed, the sunlight is received, the seedlings are 2-3 days, and the seedling height is 4-5 inches. When starting the seedlings, pry the bed soil from the side of the seedbed, start the seedlings in order, and do not hurt the roots (the taro roots have weak regeneration ability).
5, colonization
The taro should be planted early in the open field without frost. This area is generally planted before and after the Ching Ming Festival. In order to facilitate soil cultivation, it is generally cultivated in large and small rows, 70-80 cm in large rows, 40-50 cm in small rows, 28-33 cm in plant spacing, and 3500-4000 plants per acre. The taro should be deeply planted (the bulb of the taro has the habit of upward growth), which is convenient for the growth of the bulb, and the planting depth should be more than 3 inches.
6, field management
(1) Fertilization. The taro has a long growing period, requires a large amount of fertilizer, and is highly resistant to fertility. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, it must be topdressed several times. The taro seedlings grow slowly and require less fertilizer, because the nutrients contained in the seedlings can also be transformed into seedlings. Therefore, it is only necessary to apply a small amount of fertilizer to promote root growth. Later, as the above-ground part gradually grows vigorously, it is necessary to combine the soil and topdressing 3-4 times. For the first time, when the first leaf of the seedling (live) is unfolded, deep cultivating will fill the planting hole, increase the ground temperature, and apply appropriate medicine per acre. When the plant height is 50 cm and 3-4 leaves, the second cultivating is carried out, and the top dressing is applied again. The correct medicine per acre is 50 kg of cake fertilizer or 100-150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer. Before the plant height is 1 m, the third top dressing is carried out before the closure, and the appropriate agent is applied per acre to promote the formation and accumulation of the bulb starch, improve the yield and quality, and pay attention to the combination of top dressing, weeding and weeding.
(2) Irrigation. The hoe is wet and avoids drought. Keeping the soil moist during the seedling period is conducive to emergence. After the seedlings, keep the soil dry and wet, in order to facilitate rooting. In the period of growth and bulb formation, the water consumption is large, water should be watered several times to keep the soil moist, but the rainy season should pay attention to drainage and flood control. In the autumn dry season, irrigation should be carried out multiple times, and water can be poured for 5-10 days depending on the weather. When there are conditions, you can plant grass in the face, moisturizing and cooling, which is conducive to bulb development. In the later stage of growth, it is appropriate to water less and keep the soil dry.
(3) Soil cultivation. The cultivation of roots is the key measure for the cultivation of taro, and it is also the key measure to cultivate the standard of exporting steamed bread. The farmer said that "June is not awkward, it is equal to not planting." Zizi and Sun Wei occur from the middle and lower part of the mother-in-law, and the mother, the child, or the grandson constantly increase the stem section and grow upwards. If the new dragonfly pulls out the leaves or exposes the soil, it becomes longer and turns green. Consumption of nutrients, affecting the growth of the larvae, forming too many small female baboons, reducing the quality of lice. Therefore, it is necessary to fold the excess side buds and old leaves in time to cover the roots of the soil (also called the pressure side load). The soil-pressing edge can promote the occurrence of adventitious roots, improve the drought resistance and inhibit the growth of the top buds. In lower temperature and humid environments, the soil is also conducive to the development of the bulb. Generally, in the upper part of the earth, it grows rapidly in June, and the steamed bread is rapidly inflated. When the child and the grandson start to form, the soil begins to be cultivated. After 20 days, the soil is cultivated once, and the thickness is about 2 inches. Generally, the soil is 2-3 times. It can be combined with cultivating, weeding and fertilizing. Each time the soil is only uniform for four weeks, the shape of the steamed bread can be corrected. After the last heavy fertilizer was applied, the soil was ridged.
7. Harvesting. The taro is not resistant to frost. Before the frost, the taro leaves turn yellow and the roots wither. This is the symbol of the ripeness of the bulbs. This is the best harvest period. The bulbous starch and various nutrients are the highest, the flavor is good, and the yield is high. Generally, it is 1500-2500 kg per mu, and the high yield can reach 4000-5000 kg. After harvesting, the hoe should be sun-dried, the hoe should be separated from the soil, and then packed into bags for sale.
8. Prevention and control of pests and diseases in Shantou
(1) plague: mainly for prevention, starting in mid-May before the onset of the disease, 50% dimethomorph, 58% metalaxyl manganese, 72% cymoxan, manganese zinc, 60% Pyraclostrobin. Daisenlian, spray once every 7-10 days. When applying the medicine, you should master the weather, choose to spray before the rain, and spray the liquid evenly, and spray the leaves, leaves and petiole.
(2) Soft rot: Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and find that the diseased plants are removed and taken away in time, while lime is scattered around the diseased points. It can be used for agricultural streptomycin and chlorothalonil root irrigation. It can be applied once before fertilization, after soiling, and after cutting larvae. At the same time, in the areas where the annual incidence is heavy, the streptomycin should be added every time to prevent underground pests and control moisture.
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(4) Aphids: Aphids use worms and nymphs to absorb juice on leaf backs or young leaves. They can be controlled by imidacloprid, 1.8% avermectin, 10% nicotine emulsifiable concentrate, and 50% anti-carbazone spray.
(5) Spodoptera litura: generally use Kung Fu or chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, bifenthrin to kill before the larva 3 years old.
The above-mentioned high-yield cultivation techniques of Shantou explained by Huinong.com not only talked about the planting time and conditions of Shantou, but also the occurrence and prevention of the diseases and insects of Shantou!
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