Release date: 2017-05-03
Smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives. Many scientists are also trying to develop mobile applications to diagnose and monitor diseases. Diabetes is probably one of the most widely used diseases.
Cover of Science Translational Medicine
This time, researcher Ye Haifeng from East China Normal University led his team to publish a cover article in the journal Science Translational Medicine. They combined their smartphones with optogenetics to remotely use mobile apps and special LED lights. Regulating the treatment of diabetes [1]!
So how is this done? To sum up briefly, first we need a Bluetooth-enabled blood glucose meter that can transfer blood glucose data to the mobile app. The app processes the data to determine the blood sugar level. When the app determines that the blood sugar level is too high, it triggers the implant. Into the mouse, an LED lamp that emits far-infrared light. The light-irradiated cells can secrete insulin or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, a peptide secreted by the ileum, which can reduce bowel movements, inhibit gastric emptying, help control diet, and reduce body weight. As a target for the action of type 2 diabetes drugs, the blood sugar of mice can be reduced to the normal range!
Ye Haifeng Researcher (front row, right) and his team
Researcher Ye Haifeng graduated from East China Normal University in 2007 and received his Ph.D. from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland in 2012. In 2014, he was selected as the eleventh national “Thousand Talents Program†youth project, and returned to his alma mater, East China Normal University. . Dr. Ye specializes in the field of synthetic biology, using synthetic biology concepts, artificially designing and synthesizing intelligent gene network regulation systems, and for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases [2].
For this new study, Dr. Ye believes that this is an important step toward the era of personalized and digital precision medicine [3]. Although the previous introduction sounds simple, there seems to be no "difficulty", but exploring this "ingenious system" is really not that easy.
Gene expression is most active when irradiated with far-infrared light with a maximum wavelength of 730 nm.
First, the researchers designed cells that could be “light-controlled†by transferring light-sensitive bacterial proteins into mouse cells. This “custom cell†activates genes involved in the secretion of insulin or GLP-1 under illumination. . After one-by-one experiments, the researchers found that specific genes in these cells can only be activated by far-infrared light, and that gene expression is most active at 730 nm.
Next, the researchers developed an app called "ECNU-TeleMed". The app is connected to a "control box" with a well-designed circuit that can be connected to far-infrared LEDs. Remotely adjust the intensity of the light and the exposure time. The researchers transplanted custom cells into the skin of diabetic mice and then irradiated them with LED lights. It was found that within 2 hours, the excess blood glucose of diabetic mice could be reduced to the normal range. And after 4 hours of exposure, the effect lasts for half a month!
Comparison of insulin secretion in type I diabetic mice (J), comparison of blood glucose levels (K) and glucose tolerance after 2 hours of light exposure (L), where the abscissa (--) is untransplanted custom cells and does not accept far Infrared light irradiation, (-+) is not transplanted custom cells but received far-infrared light irradiation, and so on; the lower N, O, P pictures are contrasts of type II diabetic mice, followed by J, K, L above. Figure correspondence
Seeing this, you may feel that this seems to be different from the introduction of the "too long to see" version we started! Of course, this is just the 1.0 version of this "smart controller". After achieving such good results, the researchers began to ponder, if applied to people, do you have to take diabetes for 4 hours each time, taking a photo under the far infrared light? This is too unhumanized! As a result, they continued to explore and design a special hydrogel that puts “custom cells†and small LED lights that emit far-infrared light into the hydrogel, and then puts in a Bluetooth signal receiver. Researchers think that, in this way, the mobile phone can control the LED light through Bluetooth, and activate the genes in the customized cells after irradiation to achieve the purpose of controlling blood sugar! This is the advanced version 2.0 of the "smart controller". In the experiment, the researchers transplanted the "assembled" hydrogel into the mouse and found that the nature of the hydrogel is very stable, and the control of blood sugar levels has the same effect as direct irradiation!
QQ screenshot 20170427141849 However, this is still not the "final version", because the researchers also hope to be more "one-stop service." Therefore, they also found a Bluetooth-enabled blood glucose meter that can transmit the measured blood glucose data to the mobile app. The app has an algorithm built in, which can analyze the blood sugar level and then perform the preset “thresholdâ€. In contrast, if the blood glucose is "exceeded", the app will send a signal to "turn on" the LED light. The app can still adjust the light intensity and irradiation time to control the secretion of insulin or GLP-1 to achieve "intelligent" control of blood sugar. This is the final version 3.0.
Professor Mark Gomelsky, a molecular biologist at the University of Wyoming, wrote a review article for this research in the same issue of the journal Science Translational Medicine [4]. He believes that the application on the human body may be achieved through the "LED bracelet" without the need to implant the LED light into the body, and this method can also be used to treat other diseases. Dr. Ye said that his ultimate goal is "automated blood glucose monitoring and diabetes treatment system", which can continuously monitor the physical condition of diabetic patients through mobile phones 24 hours a day [5]. Imagine if one day this became a reality, for diabetic patients, it is undoubtedly a technological invention of "changing life", and we look forward to the early arrival of this day.
Reference materials:
[1] Jiawei Shao, el. Smartphone-controlledoptogenetically engineered cells enable semiautomatic glucose homeostasis indiabetic mice. Science Translational Medicine, 2017; 9 (387): eaal2298 DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2298
[2] http://faculty.ecnu.edu.cn/s/2803/main.jspy
[3] http://spectrum.ieee.org/the-human-os/biomedical/devices/smartphonecontrolled-cells-keep-diabetes-in-check
[4] http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/387/eaan3936
[5] https://
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