What is the most suitable time for planting kale? It is one of the specialty vegetables in China. It is also known as white flower kale, green leaf cabbage, kale, and cabbage. It is an annual herb of the cruciferae and the genus. The vegetable moss is tender, crisp, sweet, and delicious. The tender flower buds and young leaves are for edible. The cultivation history in China is very long. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of kale!
Kale planting conditions
- Kale temperature conditions: Kale has a mild climate, strong heat resistance, and its ability to withstand high temperatures is the strongest among cabbages. Seed germination and seedling growth temperature is 25 ~ 30 ° C, slow growth below 20 ° C, leaf plexus growth and vegetable moss formation temperature is 15 ~ 25 ° C, prefer a large temperature difference between day and night. The high temperature above 30 °C is unfavorable for the development of Brassica oleracea L., and the growth is slow under 15 °C. The heat tolerance and flower bud differentiation of different cultivars have different temperature requirements.
- Kale sunshine requirements: Kale is a long-day crop, but the current varieties are not strict with the length of sunshine, and all of them need good light and are not resistant to yin.
- Kale water condition: The soil environment of kale is moist, and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 80-90%. Not resistant to drought, the resistance to sputum is slightly stronger than other cabbage-like vegetables, but excessive soil moisture or water accumulation in the field will affect root growth.
- Brassica soil nutrition: Kale has a wide adaptability to soil, and it is suitable for loam and sandy loam. The absorption of NPK is the highest in potassium and the least in phosphorus, and the ratio of N, P and K is 5.2:1:5.4. At the seedling stage, the amount of fertilizer was less, the growth was slower, and the amount of fertilizer was the most during the formation of the vegetable moss. The absorption of NPK is different in each stage of growth, and the application of organic fertilizer should be emphasized, and appropriate topdressing should be applied.
Mustard seedling technology
- Mustard planting time: Planting in Beijing is basically an annual supply. Early-maturing varieties such as willow early mustard blue are cultivated in open field to ensure supply from June to October. From September to March of the next year, the mid-late and late-maturing varieties such as Zhonghua and Zhongdu mustard will be cultivated in a protected area to ensure the supply from November to May. It should be noted that July-September is the high temperature and rainy season in Beijing. It should be planted in a cool place.
- Method of seeding of kale: The canola can be transplanted by live or seedling transplanting, and the seedlings are transplanted in Beijing area, and 75-100 grams per acre is needed. The nursery site should choose sandy loam or loam that is convenient for irrigation and drainage. It is best that the former is not a cruciferous vegetable. When the soil is prepared, it is necessary to apply more decomposed organic fertilizer and sow it by sowing.
- Management of kale seedlings: Always keep seedlings moist, and apply quick-acting fertilizer 2 to 3 times in seedling stage. The seeding amount is appropriate, pay attention to the seedlings, and avoid the seedlings becoming too thin and weak. 5 pieces of true leaves can be reached in 25 to 35 days of seedling age. The time between the seedlings is generally carried out after the appearance of two true leaves. Choose tender and strong seedlings with good growth, thick stems and large leaf area. It is not advisable to use small old seedlings.
Kale planting technology
- Allure fertilization: The mustard is planted with loam that keeps the fertilizer and water, fine soil preparation, per mu, fertilized pig manure, compost 3000-4000 kg, 25 kg of superphosphate, turned into soil, evenly mixed, cultivated and flattened, soil Fine.畦 generally do flat sputum, but summer cultivation should be done with small sorghum.
- Method of planting kale: The cultivation of kale in the open field should be carried out in the afternoon, and the cultivation in protected areas should be carried out in the morning. After the date of planting is determined, the seedling bed is poured with water in the afternoon before planting the seedlings, so as to dig the seedlings the next day. On the day of planting, the seedlings were planted, and then they were transported to the colonized plots, and planted at a certain row spacing.
- Density of kale planting: The plant spacing of early-maturing seeds of kale is 25 cm × 20 cm, the spacing of medium-ripe plants is 30 cm × 22 cm, and the spacing of late-maturing plants is 30 cm × 30 cm. Planting seedlings should not be deep, and the seedlings and the noodles should be flattened or slightly lower by 1 cm. After the seedlings are planted, they are immediately watered to restore growth.
- Watering and fertilization of kale: According to the temperature and humidity at that time, the seedling water should be poured in time, and the watering of the seedlings should be properly controlled after the seedlings are formed. The vegetable formation period and the harvesting period should be increased. The number of watering should be increased and the soil should be kept moist. Base fertilizer and topdressing are both heavy, and topdressing is applied with water. Generally, after 3 to 4 days of slow seedling, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer or chicken manure should be applied. When the bud is bolted, appropriate quick-acting fertilizer or human excrement should be applied. After the main moss is harvested, it is necessary to promote the growth of the side moss, and the fertilizer should be applied 2 to 3 times.
- Kale cultivating soil: The growth of Chinese kale is slow in the early stage, and weeds are easy to grow between the plants. It is necessary to carry out cultivating and weeding in time. With the growth of the plant, the stem is thicker and thicker, the base is thinner, and the upper part is larger, forming a top-heavy weight. It is necessary to combine the cultivating to cultivate soil and fertilize. It is best to apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre.
- Control of kale and disease: The disease of kale is less, and black rot is more common. This is a bacterial disease, which is easy to occur under high temperature and high humidity. The prevention and treatment method is to select resistant varieties, avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables, and find that the diseased seedlings are removed in time. The spotted spots are sprayed with fungicides, such as chlorothalonil. In addition, in greenhouse cultivation, when the temperature is low and the humidity is high, the leaves, stems and pedicels are prone to downy mildew.
- Mustard harvesting at the right time: The mustard flower bud grows to the level of the top of the leaf or is close to it (commonly known as Qikouhua), which is suitable for harvesting period, and the harvest height is 15-25 cm. In order to maintain better commercial properties, it is advisable to harvest in the early morning and organize the packaging.
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