Tumor markers refer to substances whose biochemical changes and abnormal metabolism of tumor cells cause significant changes in the amount or type of body fluids, excretions and tissues in tumor patients. They are diagnosed in primary tumors, diagnosed in malignant degree of tumors, and developed in tumors. Process diagnosis, monitoring of tumor treatment effects, screening of high-risk populations, and prediction of tumor recurrence and prognosis are crucial. Xiao Bian took stock of the important research results of the 2016 tumor markers and discussed and discussed with everyone.
1. Cancer Res: a new marker for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
Dio: 10.1158/0008-5472. CAN-15-0906
Recently, researchers from the Anderson Cancer Center in the United States published a recent study in the international academic journal cancer research, they found that a male-specific epigenetic modification enzyme has an inhibitory effect on the aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells. The study found that this demethylase called JARID1D (also known as KDM5D or SMCY) can catalyze the demethylation of histone H3K4, inhibit the expression of related genes related to cell invasion, and thereby inhibit prostate cancer cells in vitro or in vivo. Invasiveness. Trimethylated H3K4 is generally used as a marker for gene activation, and in this study, the researchers found that JARID1D can demethylate the trimethylated H3K4 of the target gene, specifically inhibiting some of the genes involved in invasion. Including MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7 and Slug.
Other studies in the study have shown that JARID1D expression levels are significantly reduced in metastatic prostate tumors compared to normal prostate tissue and in situ prostate tumors, and low levels of expression are associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Overall, this study found for the first time that an epigenetic modification enzyme expressed on the Y chromosome can inhibit prostate cancer progression as an anti-invasive factor, and also suggests that JARID1D may be a new diagnostic marker for advanced prostate cancer for prostate cancer. The development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies has a certain meaning.
2, Cell Rep: new biomarkers will promote individualized treatment of colorectal cancer
Dio:10.1016/j. Celrep. 2016.02.064
Researchers from the University of North Carolina have recently discovered that a key protein that regulates the immune system's response may become a new biomarker for colorectal cancer and provide important information for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, the researchers found that NLRX1 protein has low levels of expression in multiple colorectal cancer models as well as human cancer tissue samples. Studies have found that NLRX1 is involved in the regulation of immune system signals to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. Researchers at the University of North Carolina believe that their findings also suggest that the protein plays an important role in inhibiting the growth of colorectal cancer.
The researchers removed NLRX1 in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer, and subsequently examined the consequences of deletion of NLRX1 in a mouse model of APC mutations. The results showed that NLRX1 deletion resulted in a significant increase in tumor growth capacity and a signaling pathway that drives tumor growth. Activation will also occur. The authors say that about 80% of human colon cancers have mutations in the gene that cause spontaneous growth of colon cancer. In addition, they found that NLRX1 expression levels in human colon cancer cell samples were lower than in normal cells, and data from multiple colon cancer sample public databases also confirmed that NLRX1 was expressed lower in colon cancer. These results also indicate that under normal conditions, NLRX1 can help inhibit the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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