When growing farmers use pesticides to control pests and weeds, they often have poor control. In the case of unexplained reasons and failure to obtain proper guidance, they often increase the drug dosage, drug concentration, frequency of drug use and repeated use of drugs, and even use highly toxic pesticides and other banned pesticides in order to achieve the desired control effect. This will not only increase the cost of drugs and labor costs, but also put pressure on the safety of agricultural products, environmental protection and sustainable agriculture.
In particular, the author sorted out and summed up the 10 reasons that led to poor control results, in order to growers and friends to discuss, research and seek more reasonable ways and means to improve the effectiveness of pesticide control and pesticide utilization.
1. Behind the application of equipment
At present, the domestic spray equipment is still mainly carried on the backpack, stretcher type, plus the simple backward medicine system, run, run, leak, drip, plug and other phenomena can be seen everywhere, and often cause uneven atomization, spray quality Poor. In addition, the commonly used high-volume method of application, easily resulting in large and uneven droplets, droplets easily lost, small droplets easily drift and volatile, poor adhesion and other phenomena, resulting in low utilization of pesticides.
2. Spray technology is not in place
The occurrence, damage and development of pests and diseases will have a major hazard or target on the crop. For contact-killing pesticides, if it can not accurately hit the target, it will be difficult to have a good control effect. For any group of people, it is not necessary for the group to make a decision. You have to worry about music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music and music.妫 妫 è°– è°– è°– è°– è°– ? ? ? ? æ–¡è¡© æ–¡è¡© æ–¡è¡© æ–¡è¡© 眯 眯 眯 眯 眯 眯 眯 眯 妒┮ 环 环 环 环 环 环 环 环 环 环 环 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀 臀.æž° å®° å®° å®° å®° æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™ æ™—è™?æž° æž° ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
3. Improper use of liquid dosage
The amount of application liquid refers to the amount of liquid sprayed on farmland per unit area. China's current conventional spray is mainly based on high-volume method and medium-volume method. It has a large amount of water and can be uniformly wetted. However, the liquid that is actually held on the target site or on the crop surface is less, and the liquid is wasted and lost. Modern agriculture needs the concept of modern plant protection. We also need to choose the right amount of water according to local conditions. If necessary, we also need to add suitable spray additives (such as silicones, mineral oils, vegetable oils), spray equipment (spray nozzles), and pesticides. The formulation can be used in matching to increase the retention of the drug solution on the target site or on the surface of the crop, and to promote stable drug efficacy.
4. Improper mixing of medicaments
In general, the combination of two or more agents with different modes of action and mechanisms can not only improve the control and treatment effects of pests and weeds, but also prevent or delay the development of pest resistance, while saving the user’s time cost and labor. cost. However, pesticides must be mixed to understand the nature of the various types of pesticides, the role and the object of prevention and control, scientific and rational mix of mixed use, and can not be mixed with indiscriminate use, otherwise it may not only fail to prevent and control purposes, and may even have serious adverse consequences. If the combination of acidic pesticides and alkaline pesticides, it is easy to change the physical properties of pesticides, the occurrence of acid-base reactions, resulting in degradation of pesticide degradation, and even cause phytotoxicity. In addition, when pesticide preparations are used in combination, care must be taken to mix the methods (such as the mother liquor method or the secondary dilution method) and the mixing sequence, and clean water should be used as much as possible.
5. Pharmacy own influence
The chemical composition, physicochemical properties, dosage forms, mechanism of action, doses used, and processing traits of pesticides all have a direct or indirect effect on the efficacy of the drug. Differences exist between different dosage forms with the same content of the same ingredients. The production process and production capacity of the companies are high and low. Differently, the difference in efficacy is also great. In recent years, the emergence of precision spray equipment such as hot fog machines, drones, and electrostatic sprayers has also raised higher requirements for the use of pesticide formulations.
6. Increased resistance to the target
In recent years, the resistance of insects and weeds has become increasingly acute. This has also put forward more accurate requirements for the application amount and application concentration of pesticides; pesticide application amount or application concentration is too large to be prone to phytotoxicity and more residues, pesticide application amount or application concentration If it is too small, it will not achieve control effect. For the important pests and weeds that are frequently used for medication, their drug resistance is often increased several times, tens or even hundreds of times, which will bring many difficulties and challenges to plant protection work. Therefore, when the target resistance increases, how to match the appropriate amount of pesticide is also a practical plant protection technology problem.
7. Improper timing of prevention and treatment
Plant protection prevention must grasp and grasp the optimal timing of the target. Even with the same pests and weeds, the response to the same pesticide is not the same due to the different stages of development. If you miss the best opportunity for prevention and control, it will be very difficult to achieve good control effects with a large amount of use. Therefore, only by fully understanding the occurrence, damage, and development patterns of pests and weeds can be targeted and accurately used at the most appropriate time to ensure good control. For example, some weeds are easier to control before and after the 3-leaf stage, and some weeds have a good control effect during the vigorous growth period; prevention and control of insect pests such as rice maggots must be controlled during the peak period of egg hatching; control of insects such as cabbage butterfly and leaf roller moth, etc. It is best to spray and control in the morning; to prevent and control Lepidoptera noctuidae and some cockroaches pests, it is best to prevent spraying in the evening.
8. Not symptomatic prevention
Different pests and weeds require different pesticides for control. If there is an error in the diagnosis of pests and weeds, symptomatic prevention and treatment becomes empty talk. In practice, it is not uncommon for diseases to be confused, pests to be confused, diseases to be treated as pests, pests to be killed, and grass to be used for insects. Such as wilt disease confused with Verticillium wilt; leaf mold and gray mold disease confused; early fruit tree defoliation, cotton red dead leaves disease was misdiagnosed as red spider mite damage; tomato bacterial wilt caused by dead seedlings, misdiagnosed as root rot or soil pests Root bite caused dead seedlings; soybean field weed grass dodder misuse as root knot nematode disease.
9. Impact of water quality
Water is divided into hard water and soft water. Hard water contains many minerals and is alkaline, such as well water, mineral water, and spring water. Diluting the effect of pesticides is poor, and it will reduce or decompose the active ingredients of acidic pesticides. Soft water contains less minerals, and neutrality, such as pond water, river water, and stream water, is more effective in diluting pesticides, but if the water quality is more turbid, it will also affect the efficacy of the drug.
10. Influence of environmental factors
Temperature, humidity, rain, light, wind, and soil properties, and different environmental factors directly affect the performance of pesticides and the actual control effect. Herbicides such as pendimethalin and acetochlor have poor herbicidal effects in drought conditions and have a good herbicidal effect under suitable conditions of soil moisture; phoxim is easily decomposed by light; air temperature is best within the range of 20°C to 30°C. At temperatures below 8°C, it is difficult to exert normal efficacy even for herbicides that are phytotoxic; when the temperature exceeds 35°C, the moisture of the droplets evaporates and evaporates easily, and it is also likely to cause phytotoxicity and poisoning; spraying pesticides on rainy days. Pharmacy can easily be washed away by rain, resulting in reduced or even ineffective efficacy; when the wind is large, the droplets can easily drift and lose. Therefore, in the application of pesticides, we must make full use of all favorable factors and control unfavorable factors in order to achieve the best control effect.
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