1 The advantages of straw returning
1.1 fertility, return of nutrients.
My county has a thin soil and a lack of organic matter. It is only about 12g/kg, but commodity organic fertilizer is expensive, and farm manure is inconvenient to use. As a result, farmers in most areas do not put organic materials into the soil, leading to a downward trend in soil organic matter. According to the determination, the organic matter content in the straw is about 15% on average. If the calculation is based on 1 ton of straw returned per acre, the organic matter can be increased by 150kg/mu, which is equivalent to 1g/kg increase in soil organic matter. At the same time, nitrogen is also returned to the soil. Essential nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are needed for crops. Therefore, the long-term implementation can transform low-yield fields into middle-high yield fields.
1.2 Improve the soil environment and enhance microbial activity.
The return of straw to the soil reduces the soil volume, loosens the soil, improves the aeration, and significantly improves the soil structure. Straw contains a large amount of energy substances. After field return, the organisms proliferate, the soil biological activity increases, and the contact enzyme activity increases by more than 40%. With the increase of microbial productivity, biological nitrogen fixation increases, soil alkalinity decreases, acid and alkali tend to balance, and nutrient structure is gradually reasonable.
1.3 drought protection, increase the temperature.
In addition to improving soil organic matter, straws can be used as a carrier for water-absorbing and holding fertilizers to suppress evaporation of soil moisture, prevent soil nutrient loss, and increase ground temperature. According to the determination, the continuous return of straw to the field for six consecutive years, the water retention, air permeability and heat preservation capacity of the soil is significantly enhanced, the water absorption rate is increased by nearly 10 times, and the ground temperature is increased by 1 to 2°C.
1.4 Increase production and increase income.
Straw returning to soil has the ability to "maintain water, fertilize, ventilate, and warm up" to provide optimal "water, fertilizer, gas, and heat" conditions for crop growth. The yield of crops has increased significantly, creating a virtuous circle. The test results show that the continuous implementation of straw returning to the field for three years can increase the crop yield by 10%. The mu can save 3-5 kilograms of pure chemical fertilizers. In addition to the farming fees, the mu festival can increase the efficiency by more than 100 yuan.
2 Maize straw maturity return technology process
After the harvest of autumn corn, diseased plants were removed - straw smashing and returning - straw rot agent - deep turning - rotary tilling - repression - mechanical sowing
3 Maize straw matting technology
3.1 Prepare before returning
After the harvest of autumn corn, regardless of mechanical harvesting or manual picking, the first need to manually remove diseased plants, such as corn smut, top rot, etc., to prevent the spread of pathogens, aggravate the disease in the next crop. If the straw is seriously damaged, it is not appropriate to return the land.
3.2 Returning time
The best period for returning corn stalks is that when the corn matures, the stalks are green and the water content is more than 30%. At this time, the sugar content, water content is relatively large, and it is fragile, which is conducive to cutting, smashing and speeding up the decomposition.
3.3 Returning Fields and Returning Fields
According to local corn planting specifications, available power machinery, harvesting requirements and other conditions, the appropriate returning method is used for straw return. The field return method uses corn harvester to directly smash and return the field, and can also use artificial straw to return the field after harvesting. The length of straw shredding is less than 10 cm, evenly covers the surface, and the appropriate width of machinery should be selected according to the row spacing and scale of corn planting. . 1 mu of straw is returned to the field with a land area of ​​1 mu.
3.4 Straw composting agent application
After the corn stalks are returned to the field, the application of 2-3 kg of straw composting agent per acre will also require the addition of nitrogenous fertilizers. During the decomposing process of the corn stalks, the microorganisms need to absorb a certain amount of nitrogen when decomposing the straws. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the corn stalks is 65-85:1, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen that is suitable for microbial activity is 25:1. Microorganisms and crop seedlings tend to compete for the available nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, after the straw is crushed, 5 kg of urea should be applied and the straw can be accelerated. Decomposing speed. Straw composting agent has less application per acre and should not be applied. Mix it with appropriate amount of fine sand and spread it evenly on the straw.
3.5 timely deep turning
After the straw is crushed and thrown into the field, the straw shall be buried in a timely manner with an inverted plough, and the depth is generally required to be 20-30 cm, so that the comminuted straw is fully mixed with the soil, and the ground is not significantly crushed to accumulate the straw, so as to facilitate decomposition of the straw and ensure seed emergence. .
3.6 Before rotation tillage and suppression of spring sowing, mechanical rotation ridges, rotation depth till 15-20 centimeters in depth is appropriate. After rotary tillage, repression should be carried out to eliminate the overheating of soil caused by straw, to achieve no clear and dark, litter, ground, and sowing. Create good conditions.
3.7 Preparation before Broadcasting
Soil moisture status is an important factor in determining the speed of straw decomposition. If the soil is too dry, it will seriously affect the reproduction of soil microorganisms and slow down the decomposition rate of straw. Therefore, if straw is turned into the soil, if the waterlogging condition is not good, it is necessary to adjust the soil moisture by watering. .
3.8 Mechanical sowing
Mechanized sowing, large and small ridge planting, general 2-3 kg sowing rate, sowing depth of 3-5 cm, so that the same depth of sowing, no leakage broadcast, no rebroadcast. Deeply applying base fertilizer, the fertilizer application amount per mu is determined according to the recommended amount of local formula fertilization, and the total application amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by about 10%.
Hongxing Factory
Dongying Hongxing is located at Dongying City, Shandong Province China since 1995.
We have 30 categories of products, including Covid-19 products, frock, protection shoes, safety belt, Special gloves.
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