Speaking of sharks, what do you think of? Is it a terrible creature with a big mouth and a cold heart in a classic movie? Or is it the rare shark fin that has been criticized by the public on the table? Sharks may not be as terrible as movie plots, but they are far more useful than human food.
Scientists have long discovered that some fish, such as sharks and squids, have developed several rows of specialized teeth at a certain stage of evolution, and they can replace regeneration all the time. However, the related genes still operate. It is an unsolved mystery. Studies have succeeded in identifying gene groups that control the formation of teeth by sharks and that can be replaced throughout life. This set of genes allows sharks to replace rows of teeth with a conveyor-like system.
A recent team led by Dr. Gareth Fraser of the Department of Animal and Plant Sciences at Sheffield University has successfully identified a special epithelial cell formation mechanism called the dental lamina, and this mechanism is It is the key to letting sharks continue to grow their teeth for the rest of their lives. Humans also have the same set of specialized cells that allow us to grow replacement teeth. However, we only form two groups, let us grow the milk teeth first when we are young, and then replace them with permanent teeth. After that, we will no longer have this group of specialized cells.
The team pointed out that these tooth-related genes found in sharks have been preserved for 450 million years in evolution, and this is most likely the time when vertebrates develop their teeth for the first time. With these tooth-forming genes, all vertebrates from mammals to sharks can have their teeth. However, mammals like humans, whose ability to regenerate their teeth through these genes, has been greatly weakened over time.
Dr. Gareth Fraser said, “We all know that sharks are horrifying predators, and one of the main reasons for them to become masters of hunting is the row of teeth that are sharp and backwards in the mouth. During their lifetime, these teeth can be regenerated rapidly and replaced before the old teeth collapse due to wear and tear. The horrible Great White Shark movies let us know that the sea is in crisis and should be alert at all times, but our research But let us find that it is not bad to be with the sharks, because the treatment of human missing teeth problems may be able to get answers from them!"
By analyzing the tooth cells of the cat shark embryo, scientists identified the genetic performance of the early shark tooth formation stage. They found that these genes are involved in the initial onset of shark teeth and then reactivated to prepare for subsequent tooth regeneration. This study shows that at the beginning of the evolution of the shark species, their teeth are likely to be continuously regenerated, and the core genes in a key set of developmental signaling pathways are used to make sharks evolve and reactivate. The ability of the tooth gene. In the future, if we can further clarify the operational details and mechanisms, it will help to develop related treatments for human missing teeth.
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