Release date: 2015-12-01
DNA analysis is very important for the diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. The most common and most reliable DNA test method is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which is specific, sensitive, easy to operate and time-saving, but also Still need to use specialized equipment in the laboratory. If there is a more convenient and inexpensive way to perform DNA analysis, then the goal of reducing patient burden and increasing the proportion of early screening for certain diseases is easier to achieve.
Recently, David Sinton and others at the University of Toronto in Canada used paper equipment to perform direct analysis of DNA using an applied electric field using ion concentration polarization (ICP). The study was published in "J. Am. Chem. Soc."
The ion concentration polarization method was invented by Sinton last year (Anal. Chem., 2014, DOI: 10.1021/ac502597v) to control the movement of charged molecules on wet paper. Now, his research team uses this method to manipulate the flow of DNA.
First, they printed wax on paper to divide a reservoir and a long, thin channel. At the edge of the reservoir, they coated the positively charged Nafion polymer on paper in a small area. The dye-labeled DNA is then injected into the reservoir. The negatively charged DNA is collected into the Nafion-coated area by applying an electric field to the paper. The polarity of the electric field is then switched and the DNA migrates down the channel and separates depending on the molecular weight and charge. By comparing the results of the standard DNA, the type of DNA to be tested can be known. This is somewhat like gel electrophoresis of DNA samples, but Sinton says the method is simpler and cheaper, and the test strip costs only a few cents.
Sinton et al. subsequently tested the clinical samples. It takes only ten minutes to complete the preconcentration, separation and detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in human serum samples. Moreover, this technology has a detection limit of only 150 copies/mL for HBV DNA, so there is no need to pre-amplify the virus, which is sufficient for early diagnosis of hepatitis B. The team also used this method to analyze the proportion of fragmented DNA in human semen samples to assess sperm motility. The results obtained by this method are consistent with the classical sperm chromatin structure analysis (SCSA) results. In all cases, the conclusions of this paper-based method were the same as those of the final PCR-based clinical diagnosis, and the clinical diagnostic accuracy reached 100%.
Currently, the team is planning to design a portable device that will provide the right voltage for this paper-based technology and observe the results directly.
Source: X-MOL Information
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