The farmer's road: "The seedlings are good for three percent," and cultivating strong seedlings is the basis for the high and stable production of asparagus. The asparagus sprouting seedling technology is introduced to everyone for reference.
First, choose a good variety of asparagus
Asparagus can be harvested for 8 to 10 years at a time, so be sure to choose the best asparagus varieties. The excellent asparagus variety has fast growth, strong disease resistance, high yield, and good quality, such as an excellent hybrid generation or an all-male hybrid. All male hybrids were all male plants after planting, and they only opened male flowers without seeds, thus reducing the consumption of nutrients. The use of excellent all-male hybrids has a good shoot shape and low deformity rate. It can increase production by more than 30% compared to common hybrid generation varieties, and increase disease resistance and shoot quality.
Excellent domestic asparagus varieties include champions, Shuofeng, Jinglu 2000, Jinggang 701, and Jingganghong. Foreign varieties mainly include NJ1113, NJ1122, NJ1025, Apollo, and Atlas.
Second, soaking germination
The asparagus seed skin is thick and hard, has strong keratinization, is difficult to absorb water, and germinates slowly. To promote the germination of asparagus seeds, it must first germinate before sowing. Before sowing, the seeds can be air-dried for 1-2 days. Then the seeds and insect seeds are rinsed with fresh water, soaked with 50% carbendazim 300 times for 10-12 hours, and soaked in warm water at 30°C-35°C. 2- 3 days, change the water 1-2 times a day, until the seeds suck enough water to remove them, wrap them in wet gauze or towel, put them under 25°C-26°C temperature, rinse with water twice a day. 10%-20% seed buds are planted in time.
III. Cultivation season and sowing time
The sowing date can be pushed forward 70-80 days from the planting period according to the conditions of the cornice and nursery. In the early spring, when the soil temperature at 4-5 cm is above 10°C, it is suitable for sowing. Asparagus spring sowing, but also autumn broadcast. Spring sowing is planted in February, planted in April, and shoots are harvested in the spring of the second year. Autumn sowing in August-September, planting in October-November, and harvesting in the fall of the second year.
Four, nursery methods and preparation before broadcast
Asparagus production generally adopts seedling transplanting. The seedling transplanting has high seedling emergence rate, can save seeds, reduce costs, and is convenient for centralized management, which is conducive to the prevention and control of pests and diseases and the cultivation of strong seedlings. According to the different cultivation seasons and cornices, the methods of raising seedlings mainly include open field seedlings, plastic small arch nursery, Yangshuo nursery or greenhouse nursery.
Seedlings in the open field: 90-100 grams of asparagus planted in an acre, occupying an area of ​​30-40 square meters for nursery. Nursery land compost compost 3000-5000 kg per mu, spread 50 kg of compound fertilizer, scatter deep plowing 25 cm, after the fine soil preparation to do hoe, make a 1.2-1.5 meters wide rake, leveling the surface to achieve soil crushing , flat surface.
Small arch shed or Yangshuo nursery: In the early spring low temperature season, small shed or Yangshuo seedlings are used for nursery. Yangshuo can be done before the winter, generally made of 1.5 meters wide, 10-15 meters long, 30-40 cm deep Yangshuo. Small sheds can be erected with bamboo poles or bamboo strips on the surface of open soil nursery to cover plastic film. Small shed nursery, Yangshuo nursery or greenhouse nursery seedlings generally use nutrition.
Nutrient and nutrient soil can be used to raise seedlings with a diameter of 10 cm. The nutrient pot should be prepared before sowing. The nutritious soil is made up of 30% garden soil, 35% circumfertility, 30% peat soil, 1.5% compound fertilizer, 0.5% urea, 1% phosphate fertilizer and 2% potassium chloride. It is screened and placed in Yangshuo and a small shed. Or in the greenhouse. Place the former seedbed with phoxim plus a suitable amount of sand and mix the soil with soil in order to prevent underground pests. About 10 days before sowing, the film and straw were warmed.
V. Seeding and emergence management
Open seedlings can be seeded and on demand. Drilling is done by rowing at a distance of 10 centimeters, opening 2-3 centimeters of shallow ditch, spreading seeds along the ditch, and sowing on the spot by 10 centimeters and 10 centimeters of the rows, one seed for each grid, watering after piling. Seedlings in open fields can also be used to grow seedlings. Before sowing seedlings for seedlings, the seedbeds shall be irrigated with water. After the water seepage, a thin layer of soil shall be sprinkled. One seed shall be sowed in each pod, and the cover soil shall be 2-3 cm thick. After sowing in spring, it should be covered with plastic film, and the film should be removed timely when there is arching. Before sowing seedlings in autumn, soil moisture should be observed and water should be promptly kept to keep the soil moist to facilitate seedling emergence.
Six, nursery management
1. Temperature management. Early spring sowing should pay attention to insulation, the suitable temperature for the germination of asparagus is 25°C-28°C, and the temperature of the small arch shed or Yangshuo nursery should be controlled at 25°C-28°C and 15°C-18°C at night. After the emergence of 25 °C during the day, the minimum temperature of not less than 8 °C, the maximum does not exceed 30 °C, more than 30 °C should promptly release the wind. Gradually increase the ventilation and hardening of seedlings to adapt them to the outside world and meet the standards of strong seedlings.
2. Water and fertilizer management. Before the emergence of seedbed bed soil should be kept moist, otherwise it should be watered in time, after the emergence of seedling roots weak, timely watering drought. When the seedling height is about 10 centimeters, a thin organic liquid fertilizer may be applied with water, such as fully decomposed human excrement or biogas slurry, and urea and potassium chloride may also be applied with water, and the seed dressing may be applied 2-3 times. The seedlings can fully accumulate assimilation nutrients and cultivate strong seedlings in the late growth stage.
3. Cultivated grass. Immediately after emergence, the mulch was removed. After the seedlings are spread, seedlings are to be sparsely seedlings, keeping the seedlings 7-10 cm apart. During the nursery, weeding and weeding should be done. Appropriate soil cultivation will make the scale buds robust and prevent the seedlings from lodging.
4. Pest control. Carbendazim and asparagus were used to control stem blight and brown spot, and Stilbophos and phoxim were used to control Spodoptera litura and underground pests. The main pests that injure the asparagus seedlings are pupa and pupa. Each mus of the ground can be treated with 2 kg of phoxim and 7.5 kg of fine dry sand.
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