1 Preparations before entering the pig
1.1 The sterilized nursery is a system that implements the all-in, all-out system. Before the nursery pigs enter, they must first rinse the nursery. When flushing, all the boards and feed troughs in the house are opened and flushed with high pressure to thoroughly flush the ceiling, walls, windows, floors, troughs, and water pipes in the entire house. At the same time, the sewer sewage will be discharged and rinsed. Pay attention to where pigs can be exposed, and there should be no traces of pig manure and feed left over.
1.2 Nursery facilities Health and safety repair fields, feed tanks, incubators, check whether each drinking fountain is water, check whether the dosing device can work normally, check all electrical appliances and wires for damage, and check whether the windows can be closed properly. .
1.3 The temperature of the nursery will be assembled with the slats and chutes. The temperature in the house will be maintained at the optimum temperature range (28 to 30 °C) when the nursery pigs have just moved in, and then they will be ready for the pigs.
2 Grouping and Training
2.1 Grouped piglets that have been weaned are generally required to stay in the original pens for about 1 week before transferring them to nursery homes. When grouping, they should follow the principle of maintaining the same size, weight, and weight of the original litter. The individuals are too small and too large. Weak individual group feeding. This will help stabilize the piglet's mood, reduce the irritability caused by the mixed group, reduce the damage caused by biting each other, and help the piglets grow and develop. At the same time, the piglets will adjust their training, and the piglets who have just been weaned will have to go from the delivery room to the delivery room. In the new environment of conservation homes, the food intake, sleeping, drinking water and excretion have not yet formed a fixed position. If the troughs and drinking fountains are installed in the columns, the intake and drinking water will be adapted to the church quickly.
2.2 When setting up a piglet to rush into a nursery, the first few days the breeder will have to adjust the sleeping area and the discharge area. If there is a piglet excreted in the sleeping area, the piglet should be promptly rushed to the discharge area and the feces should be cleaned. Every time the breeder cleans up, it is necessary to promptly remove the excrement and dirt from the rest area while leaving a small part of the excrement to facilitate the excretion area. After 3 to 5 days of adjustment, the piglets can form a fixed sleeping area and excretion area. This will keep the house clean and sanitary.
3 Feeding management
3.1 Feeding Nursery Pigs Nursery pigs are mainly free-feeding and feed different feeds at different ages. The breeder should fill in the record form the date when the various materials begin to feed and keep the feed in the feed trough. When the piglet enters the nursery, it is fed with milk replacer for about 1 week, which means it does not change the original feed to reduce the stress caused by feed changes, and then gradually transitions to the nursery material. The transition is preferably a gradual transition (ie 25% for the first refuelling, 50% for the second refuelling, 75% for the 3rd refuelling, 100% for the 4th refuelling, about 3 days per time). The feed should be properly kept to ensure that the feed is still fresh when feeding. In order to ensure the feed is fresh and to prevent moldy feed in the corners, attention should be paid to feeding the feed in the chute and cleaning the feed chute every 5 days.
3.2 The drinking water of nursery pigs is the most important nutrient in the daily food of pigs. When the piglets have just transferred to the nursery house, it is best to supply warm boiled water. In the first 3 days, each piglet can drink 1 kg of water. After 4 days, the amount of drinking water will be straight. Ascension, daily drinking water up to 10 kg weight can increase to 1.5 to 2 kg. Insufficient drinking water reduces the feed intake of pigs and directly affects the nutritional value of the diet. The growth rate of pigs can be reduced by 20%. During the hot season, it is especially important to ensure that the pigs drink enough water. When the weather is too hot, the piglets will bite the frame of the drinking fountains. Some pigs will also occupy the drinking fountains to cool off, making other pigs inconvenience to drink water, and Others Pigs like to eat a few mouthfuls of feed and drink some water and frequent exchanges. If you can't drink the water in time, the food will be affected. Therefore, if there are more than 10 pigs in one column, two drinking fountains should be installed and separated by a distance of 50 cm so that piglets can drink at any time. After weaning piglets to alleviate various stress factors, usually add glucose, potassium salts, sodium salts and other electrolytes or vitamins, Antibiotics and other drugs in drinking water to improve the resistance of piglets and reduce the infection rate. Select electrolytes, multidimensional to consider the water solubility, to ensure the supply of vitamin C and vitamin B.
3.3 Density size Under certain housing area conditions, the higher the density, the larger the population, and the more likely it is to cause congestion and lower feed utilization. However, in winter and spring cold season, if the breeding density and the population are too small, it will cause the low temperature of the environment to affect the growth of piglets. In large-scale pig farms, 15 to 20 piglets are bred in each nursery, up to a maximum of 25 heads. The shed is made up of a leaky or semi-slatted floor, and each piglet occupies an area of ​​0.3 to 0.5 m2. If the density is high, harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are too concentrated, air quality is relatively poor, and pigs are prone to respiratory diseases. Therefore, ensuring air quality is the key to controlling respiratory diseases.
4 Temperature and humidity control measures
4.1 Insulation Control In winter, the insulation equipment should be used properly to ensure the piglets' thermal insulation, especially within 10 days of the weaning. Insulation equipment has a variety of forms: electric pre-embedded water pipe systems, ground pre-buried low-temperature heating wire, 250 ~ 300 W infrared light bulbs, but all have large power consumption, maintenance is also difficult. If biogas can be used to make ideal insulation equipment, use biogas heat energy, pass hot water pipes, and design convenient, durable, energy-saving, constant-temperature insulation boards for piglets in accordance with local conditions. The price is cheap and environmentally friendly. It should be a pig farm in thermal insulation. The direction of energy saving.
4.2 Ventilation control High levels of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other contaminated gases can increase the incidence of swine pneumonia. Ventilation is an effective measure to eliminate the harmful gas content in the nursery and increase the fresh air content. However, excessive ventilation will cause a sudden drop in the temperature inside the nursery, which is not suitable for piglets. In production, insulation and ventilation should adopt more flexible adjustment methods. At high temperatures, there is more ventilation, and at low temperatures, the air is warmed up and then replaced.
4.3 Suitable temperature and humidity conservation environment temperature has a great influence on piglets. According to relevant data verification, under conditions of cold weather, piglet kidneys have a sharp increase in the amount of hormones secreted, decreased immunity, growth retardation, and the incidence of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and so on. In production, when the temperature of the nursery is lower than 20°C, an appropriate temperature rise should be given.
To ensure the normal growth and development of nursery pigs, a good and comfortable living environment must be created. The optimum environmental temperature for nursery pigs is 28 to 30 °C at 21 to 30 days, 27 to 28 °C at 31 to 40 days, 26 °C at 41 to 60 days, and 24 to 26 °C later. The optimum relative humidity is 65% to 75%. The temperature and hygrometer should be installed in the nursery to keep abreast of the indoor temperature and humidity.
In short, according to the temperature, humidity and environmental conditions in the home, the doors and windows can be opened or closed in time.
5 Disease Prevention
5.1 Do a good job of cleaning the feces of high-bed piglets every day and wash away the excrement under the high bed. Nursery bar high beds should be kept dry and should not be washed with water. Wet and cold nurseries can easily cause piglets to squat, and walkways can be washed as little as possible to keep the environment dry and hygienic. If it is wet, sprinkle some white ash. The newly weaned piglet can reduce the frequency of fecal douches under the high bed, and should be kept dry even in the summer.
5.2 Sterilization Before cleaning, firstly clean the house thoroughly, including the pig house entrance, the inside and outside walkways of the pig house and so on. All pigs and people are thoroughly cleaned daily. Disinfection includes environmental disinfection and disinfection with pigs. Strictly implement the sanitation and disinfection system. Put fiery alkali water into the disinfection tank at the door of the piggery at ordinary times, and replace it twice a week. In order to prevent freeze freezing during the winter, dry quicklime can be used for disinfection. Transferred pigs are sterilized in a "buffer room". Pigs can be disinfected with potassium permanganate, peracetic acid, Weidao, Bacteria consumption or 100 poisoning and other alternate use, spray disinfection in piggeries, at least once a week, when the epidemic was found once a day. Pay attention to clean the pig house before disinfection, and use the time when the weather is sunny and warm in winter to disinfect the piglets so as to prevent the piglets from being stressed. At the same time, disinfectant drugs should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance.
5.3 Health care Pigs that have just been transferred to nursery homes generally have low feed intake. Even some pigs do not feed at all when they are weaned. Therefore, the addition of health care to the feed does not achieve the desired effect. Drinking water can avoid these diseases. Problems and achieve better results. In the first week of conservation, add 60g of Zhiyuan net per ton of water + high quality multidimensional 500g + glucose 1kg or add Jiakang (florfenicol 10% + immune enhancer, etc.) 300g + multidimensional 500g + glucose 1kg, which can effectively prevent respiratory tract The occurrence of disease. Also, the fumigation of acetic acid in the winter broiler house was performed to lower the pH value in the pig house to prevent intrusion of acid-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Deworming mainly includes aphids, cockroaches, cockroaches, nematodes, and other parasites in vivo and in vitro. The insect repellent time is preferably 35 to 40 days. The endoparasites were fed with avermectin at 0.2 mg/kg body weight or levamisole at 10 mg/kg body weight, fed in the morning and fed once in the morning. The ectoparasite sprayed pigs with 12.5% ​​amylin emulsion. Note that after extermination, the excreted manure should be completely removed and properly handled to prevent secondary contamination of parasites or eggs.
5.4 Vaccine Immunization and Vaccination All kinds of vaccine immunization is the most important task of the nursery. During the injection process, the piglets must be fixed first and then injected at the exact site. When different types of vaccines are injected at the same time, they must be divided into two sides. Injecting can not be used as a flying probe; each piglet should be accompanied by an immunization card, record the date of the transfer, and inject the vaccine. The immunization card will move as the herd moves. In addition, pigs of different ages should not be exchanged at random to prevent confusion in the immune work. Do not inoculate excessive vaccines in the nursery. The main ones are vaccinated swine fever, pseudorabies, and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Pigs that have an allergic reaction are placed in an empty circle to prevent other piglets from squeezing and stepping on them. After a period of time, they can slowly recover. If a severe allergic reaction occurs, intramuscular injection of adrenal hormones is used for emergency rescue.
6 Observe and record the daily life of the breeder in the nursery. In addition to daily hygiene cleaning, defecation and flushing, observe the color and spirit of each pig's diet, water, body temperature, respiration, feces and urine. State and so on. The auxiliary veterinarian performed routine work such as immunization of vaccines, treatment of diseases, weighing at 70 days, and performed relevant records and reporting work on the consumption of feed, the number of dead pigs, and the number of dead pigs. Diseased and weak piglets are best kept isolated and treated individually. This ensures the special care needs of sick and weak piglets on the one hand, and prevents the mutual infection and spread of diseases on the other hand.
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