4D ultrasound and X-ray double guided left atrial appendage occlusion

The newspaper reported that the Department of Cardiology of the Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Tongji University carried out the first case of left atrial appendage with domestic consumables in East China to help patients with atrial fibrillation effectively prevent brain attack. Recently, the Department of Cardiology of the 10th Hospital has made a major breakthrough on this basis, and the world's first 4D ultrasound technology is applied to the image guidance of the left atrial appendage minimally invasive occlusion. Intraoperative ultrasound and X-ray imaging dual guidance not only makes the surgical area image clearer and more realistic, further improves the safety of the operation, and reduces the ionizing radiation dose by nearly 50% compared with the traditional X-ray single guidance. The damage to the body is significantly reduced.

67-year-old patient has frequent atrial fibrillation

The first "eat crab" patient, Mr. Chen Lao, is 67 years old. He began to feel chest tightness and flustered five years ago. He was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Although the name of atrial fibrillation is familiar, it is generally inadequate for its harmful public. When atrial fibrillation occurs, the normal contraction of the new house disappears, replaced by irregular fibrillation, and the pumping function basically disappears. Despite this, because the blood pumping function of the ventricle is still normal, the patient will not have a life-threatening sputum, but atrial fibrillation may lead to stasis of blood in the atria and even induce thrombosis in severe cases. The blood clot flows through the body with blood circulation, and once it is obstructed in the cerebral blood vessels, it causes a cerebral infarction. Therefore, the patient is at risk of cerebral infarction at any time.

In order to avoid cerebrovascular accidents, Mr. Chen received atrial fibrillation catheter ablation at a large cardiovascular disease clinic in China two years ago. The effect at the time was very good, but unfortunately it didn't last long. After only one year of atrial fibrillation appeared again, he had to undergo catheter ablation for the second time, but this time it had little effect. As a last resort, he could only choose to take the anticoagulant warfarin to prevent the occurrence of cerebral infarction. However, the annoying situation appeared one after another - he suffered from drug allergy, and it seems that it is no longer necessary to take the medicine to prevent the cerebral infarction. The left atrial appendage, the birthplace of the thrombus, was completely closed by the left atrial appendage.

Traditional surgical imaging, patients suffer more radiation

The left atrial appendage is a blind end region of the anterior lateral part of the left atrium. Since the blood pressure in the left atrium is lower, the blood flow in the "ear" is very gentle. Once atrial fibrillation occurs, the entire atrium completely loses normal contractile function, and the blood flow in the left atrial appendage is more gradual than normal, and even tends to stagnant. The minimally invasive interventional procedure is used to place the occlusion umbrella at the junction of the left atrial appendage and the left atrium, just as a dam is built to completely isolate the left atrial appendage from the outside world.

However, in order to safely and accurately deliver the occluding umbrella to the left atrial appendage without opening the chest, precise medical image guidance is necessary. To achieve this, the traditional method is to use X-ray guidance. However, the drawbacks of this method are also obvious - first, X-ray is a kind of ionizing radiation, although the radiation dose of one operation is within the safe range, it still causes a certain degree of damage to the body; Second, X The light forms a flat 2D image, and the doctor needs to have considerable space imagination and rich experience in order to avoid various accidents.

X-ray ultrasound dual imaging, giving doctors 4D movie effects

In recent years, 3D medical imaging systems such as CARTO and ENSITE have been developed, and the structural model of the surgical target organ (such as the heart) can be reconstructed on the computer, thereby virtualizing a surgical environment similar to the "direct view" condition. However, in the two 3D imaging systems described above, the organ structure models constructed are static. As we all know, the heart is always in the beat, and the surgery is guided by static 3D images, there must be certain risks. The 4D ultrasound technology used by the 10th hospital is different from the ordinary 2D ultrasound. The image structure displayed is stereoscopic, which is the 3D image. Based on this, plus the dimension of time, the heart beats in real time, which constitutes a 4D image. This is equivalent to installing a pair of "perspective eyes" for the cardiologist to "see" the part requiring surgery in real-time under minimally invasive or non-invasive conditions through the tissue of the body surface. Therefore, 4D ultrasound can ensure the accuracy and safety of the surgery to the greatest extent. Not only that, because the dual guidance of X-ray and ultrasound is used, the dose of ionizing radiation can be significantly reduced compared with the simple use of X-ray, which further improves the safety of patients.

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