In recent years, the walnut industry in our province has developed rapidly. At present, walnuts are about to mature. In order to ensure that the last process of walnut production is implemented, walnut harvesting technology is introduced as follows:
First, harvest time
The external characteristics of mature walnut fruits are: the green skin turns yellow from green, cracks or natural cracks appear on the top of some fruits, and peels are easily peeled off. The internal features at this time are: full kernels, mature young embryos, hardened cotyledons, lighter kernels, and strong flavor. This is the best time for walnut harvesting. Walnuts in our province are generally mature in early September (white dew solar terms).
The fruit size and nuts were basically stable within one month before the ripening of walnuts, but the increasing rate of kernel output and fat content with the delay of harvest time was too early or too late to promote the improvement of nucleolus quality. The harvest is too early, the green peel is not easy to peel off, the seed is not full, the single fruit weight, the kernel rate and the oil content are significantly reduced, and the yield and quality are seriously damaged; if the harvest is too late, the fruit will fall off easily, and the peel will remain after cracking In the tree, the hard shell and inner seed coat on the side exposed to direct sunlight darken, and it is also susceptible to fungal infection, resulting in the deterioration of the nut quality. Judging from the situation of walnut planting in our province, the phenomenon of walnut picking and early harvesting is quite common and increasingly serious. According to relevant research, the harvest period is 10-15 days ahead of schedule and the yield loss is about 8%. Therefore, the walnuts must reach the ripening period before they can be harvested, not prematurely.
Second, the harvest method
There are two kinds of walnut harvesting methods: manual harvesting and mechanical vibration harvesting, but the main method is artificial harvesting. Manual harvesting is when the fruit is ripe, hit a branch with a wooden pole or bamboo raft or directly touch the fruit. When knocking, it should be dropped from the top to the bottom, so as not to damage the shoot buds, affecting the annual output.
Before harvesting, pick up the fruits and insects that have fallen on the ground early and take proper care. The fallen fruits should be picked up promptly, the pests and fruits should be removed, and the fruits with green skin and the nuts that have been peeled off after landing should be placed separately. Peeled nuts can be rinsed directly to avoid mixing in the skin with blueish skin, which can contaminate the fruit surface during peeling. The harvested fruits should be placed in a cool, well-ventilated place as soon as possible. Avoid exposure to sunlight, so that the temperature is too high and the color of the seed kernels becomes darker, and even the seeds become rancid.
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