“One grain of millet in spring and ten thousand seeds in autumn†shows the importance of seeds. In order to achieve high yields of wheat, selection is the first and most critical step. However, there are still rigorous, non-standard and unscientific phenomena in the current wheat distribution market. Some dealers do not possess professional technical knowledge, do not understand and master the characteristics of seeds and their biological characteristics, and do not consider suitable regions for blind marketing. If a farmer friend listens to a distributor who does not objectively and erroneously promote sales, and blindly purchases varieties that are not suitable for the production conditions of the local climate, cultivation, biological environment, etc., it is easy to cause a reduction in wheat output. Even if it is a good variety suitable for planting a wide area, stabilizing and producing high yields, it also has suitability and limitations, and an “all-round†variety suitable for planting in all wheat producing areas cannot exist. Therefore, we must take a scientific and rigorous attitude to understand and master the biological characteristics of wheat varieties, and we must choose suitable planting road varieties according to the three factors of the city's climate, cultivation, and biology in order to achieve the purpose of stable production, high yield, and increase production and income of wheat. .
Here are some misunderstandings in the process of wheat selection.
1, one-sided seeking novelty
New varieties are those that have passed the test for many years, passed all the tests after inspection, and passed the review (recognition) by the Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee, and they performed excellent in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. However, some units and individuals on the market tend to promote and sell the strains that have just been nurtured, and have not been tested in the region or in production, in the name of new varieties. Some even sell the eliminated strains as new varieties, once the farmers’ friends buy them. , it will cause losses. In this regard, peasant friends need to overcome the blind pursuit of new ideas, not to be affected by one-sided propaganda, we must carefully and carefully understand the variety of trial (recognition) identification number and other proof materials, to prevent the introduction of unapproved varieties, so as not to cause production should not be caused Some loss.
2, blind pursuit of large spike varieties
Large-spike wheat generally has a large potential for yield increase, but it does not mean that large-ear wheat can be produced with high yield. This is because the varieties of wheat are regional, and the climate and cultivation conditions in different places will make the performance of the same wheat variety in different places. In addition, each species has its own adaptability to soil fertility. Only planting high-fertilizer varieties on high-fertilizer lands can increase the potential for yield increase; if planting in low-yield fields, it will often exhibit premature senescence, dryness, lack of grain, and low powder yield. Yield does not go up. In the same way, Chinese fertilizer and dry land varieties are planted on high-fertilizer lands, because their yield-increasing potential is limited, and they tend to fall down, and their yields do not increase. In this regard, the farmers’ friends need to select the wheat varieties recommended by the local agricultural technology promotion and agricultural management departments according to the local production ecological conditions. For some seed companies only recommend varieties, and do not talk about the scope of adaptation, do not believe. In addition, when introducing foreign varieties, it is necessary to insist on testing first and then promoting so as to avoid loss.
3, blindly pursue production
Wheat grain quality is directly related to the economic benefits of wheat production, affecting the quality of flour and its products and the benefits of the food industry. However, when selecting wheat varieties in many places, they often only look at the level of production and do not look at the quality indicators. As a result, when they are produced as commodity grains for sale, their prices will be much worse than that of high-quality wheat. In this regard, the farmers' friends should use high-yield, good-quality, and high-resistance quality wheat varieties in accordance with the recommendations of the agricultural management department, taking into account the conditions of soil fertility, yield levels, grain quality, and local food processing needs.
Therefore, when wheat seeds are purchased, they must carefully read the introduction of wheat varieties and seriously consult the local agricultural technology promotion and seed management departments. The following principles must be followed during the purchase process:
1. Adhere to the principle of variety certification, to overcome blind new ideas
At present, our country implements both national and provincial certification. Before the validation, national or provincial certification committees must organize corresponding regional trials and production trials, and conduct continuous quality measurement. Generally, the varieties examined and approved by the Varieties Approval Committee are relatively high in yield and adaptability, the quality traits are relatively stable, and the characteristics of the varieties, the problems to be noticed in the cultivation, and the adaptation areas and quality conditions will be introduced in the variety approval announcement. To choose the approved variety. Approved species have a validation number. When purchasing, it is important to see if the species has a validation number. In our city, we must select the species that are approved by Shandong Province. If we choose a nationally approved species, we must look at the species-specific region. Does it include Shandong Province?
2. Choose varieties according to cultivation conditions and farming habits
Strive to be a good seed on the road, good law support. The high yield of wheat varieties is closely related to the cultivation conditions. Therefore, the selection of species must first consider local production conditions and production levels. In regions with good water and fertilizer conditions and high production levels, high-yield products with high resistance to fertilizer and high yield potential should be selected. In areas with poor fertility and water, sand and alkali should be selected from varieties that have strong tolerance to drought and sturdiness. In places where the multiple cropping index is higher, early-maturing early maturing varieties are generally selected. In the intercropping system, compact and dwarf resistant varieties are required. At the same time, the selection of varieties should pay attention to the analysis of the characteristics of local diseases and natural disasters, and the selected varieties must have strong resistance to major local natural disasters (cold, dry, wet, dry hot wind, ear sprouting, etc.) and pests and diseases in order to achieve The purpose of the bumper harvest.
3. Comprehensive evaluation of selected varieties, comprehensive measurement of comprehensive traits and stable yield of varieties
It is not simply based on the level of production in the trial and the selection of good and bad varieties. It is not only to resist disease, disease, and disease, but also to completely refrain from pursuing immunization. It is necessary to comprehensively measure the comprehensive characteristics and stable yield of varieties. The selected varieties should have more advantages and fewer defects, especially comprehensive traits, rich genetic basis, good disease resistance and disease resistance to major diseases, resistance to major natural disasters, and high yield and stability. That is, the varieties welcomed by the masses, which are “big increase in production in the next year, small increase in production in the average year, and no reduction in production in the disaster yearâ€.
Here are some misunderstandings in the process of wheat selection.
1, one-sided seeking novelty
New varieties are those that have passed the test for many years, passed all the tests after inspection, and passed the review (recognition) by the Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee, and they performed excellent in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. However, some units and individuals on the market tend to promote and sell the strains that have just been nurtured, and have not been tested in the region or in production, in the name of new varieties. Some even sell the eliminated strains as new varieties, once the farmers’ friends buy them. , it will cause losses. In this regard, peasant friends need to overcome the blind pursuit of new ideas, not to be affected by one-sided propaganda, we must carefully and carefully understand the variety of trial (recognition) identification number and other proof materials, to prevent the introduction of unapproved varieties, so as not to cause production should not be caused Some loss.
2, blind pursuit of large spike varieties
Large-spike wheat generally has a large potential for yield increase, but it does not mean that large-ear wheat can be produced with high yield. This is because the varieties of wheat are regional, and the climate and cultivation conditions in different places will make the performance of the same wheat variety in different places. In addition, each species has its own adaptability to soil fertility. Only planting high-fertilizer varieties on high-fertilizer lands can increase the potential for yield increase; if planting in low-yield fields, it will often exhibit premature senescence, dryness, lack of grain, and low powder yield. Yield does not go up. In the same way, Chinese fertilizer and dry land varieties are planted on high-fertilizer lands, because their yield-increasing potential is limited, and they tend to fall down, and their yields do not increase. In this regard, the farmers’ friends need to select the wheat varieties recommended by the local agricultural technology promotion and agricultural management departments according to the local production ecological conditions. For some seed companies only recommend varieties, and do not talk about the scope of adaptation, do not believe. In addition, when introducing foreign varieties, it is necessary to insist on testing first and then promoting so as to avoid loss.
3, blindly pursue production
Wheat grain quality is directly related to the economic benefits of wheat production, affecting the quality of flour and its products and the benefits of the food industry. However, when selecting wheat varieties in many places, they often only look at the level of production and do not look at the quality indicators. As a result, when they are produced as commodity grains for sale, their prices will be much worse than that of high-quality wheat. In this regard, the farmers' friends should use high-yield, good-quality, and high-resistance quality wheat varieties in accordance with the recommendations of the agricultural management department, taking into account the conditions of soil fertility, yield levels, grain quality, and local food processing needs.
Therefore, when wheat seeds are purchased, they must carefully read the introduction of wheat varieties and seriously consult the local agricultural technology promotion and seed management departments. The following principles must be followed during the purchase process:
1. Adhere to the principle of variety certification, to overcome blind new ideas
At present, our country implements both national and provincial certification. Before the validation, national or provincial certification committees must organize corresponding regional trials and production trials, and conduct continuous quality measurement. Generally, the varieties examined and approved by the Varieties Approval Committee are relatively high in yield and adaptability, the quality traits are relatively stable, and the characteristics of the varieties, the problems to be noticed in the cultivation, and the adaptation areas and quality conditions will be introduced in the variety approval announcement. To choose the approved variety. Approved species have a validation number. When purchasing, it is important to see if the species has a validation number. In our city, we must select the species that are approved by Shandong Province. If we choose a nationally approved species, we must look at the species-specific region. Does it include Shandong Province?
2. Choose varieties according to cultivation conditions and farming habits
Strive to be a good seed on the road, good law support. The high yield of wheat varieties is closely related to the cultivation conditions. Therefore, the selection of species must first consider local production conditions and production levels. In regions with good water and fertilizer conditions and high production levels, high-yield products with high resistance to fertilizer and high yield potential should be selected. In areas with poor fertility and water, sand and alkali should be selected from varieties that have strong tolerance to drought and sturdiness. In places where the multiple cropping index is higher, early-maturing early maturing varieties are generally selected. In the intercropping system, compact and dwarf resistant varieties are required. At the same time, the selection of varieties should pay attention to the analysis of the characteristics of local diseases and natural disasters, and the selected varieties must have strong resistance to major local natural disasters (cold, dry, wet, dry hot wind, ear sprouting, etc.) and pests and diseases in order to achieve The purpose of the bumper harvest.
3. Comprehensive evaluation of selected varieties, comprehensive measurement of comprehensive traits and stable yield of varieties
It is not simply based on the level of production in the trial and the selection of good and bad varieties. It is not only to resist disease, disease, and disease, but also to completely refrain from pursuing immunization. It is necessary to comprehensively measure the comprehensive characteristics and stable yield of varieties. The selected varieties should have more advantages and fewer defects, especially comprehensive traits, rich genetic basis, good disease resistance and disease resistance to major diseases, resistance to major natural disasters, and high yield and stability. That is, the varieties welcomed by the masses, which are “big increase in production in the next year, small increase in production in the average year, and no reduction in production in the disaster yearâ€.
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