When planting off-season vegetables, not only plastic facilities, greenhouses, and other hardware facilities are to be put in place, but fertilization technology is also crucial. After practice, the key points of the off-season vegetable fertilization technology are introduced in a targeted manner:
Fertilization should pay attention to details to determine the amount of economic fertilizer, select suitable fertilizer varieties, determine the appropriate fertilization period, fertilization methods and other content. Determine the amount of fertilizer to meet the demand of vegetables, based on the level of output, soil fertility level calculations, such as the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply to meet the needs of vegetables, in order to ensure the intensity of fertilizer, according to the amount of vegetables carried out 20 % to 40% of the amount of fertilizer. In the current fertility level, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus reduction and potassium stabilization should be applied.
Chlorine-based fertilizers should not be used in general and volatile nitrogen fertilizers should not be used. Nitrates should be controlled as much as possible. When determining the fertilization, the length of the vegetable growth period and the harvested parts should be taken into consideration. Vegetables with a short growing period or harvested with roots, stems, and leaves can be used as a base fertilizer with 12 to 13 nitrogen fertilizers, all phosphorus, potassium, and trace fertilizers. Additional nitrogen fertilizers are used as top dressings in divided growth stages. For fruits and vegetables, 13 nitrogen fertilizers, 23 phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and all trace fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers. In addition, nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be used as top dressings in divided applications. If the salt content is between 0.2% and 0.3%, it is not appropriate to use chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer.
Re-applying organic fertilizer, deep-plotting and blending the soil year by year. Selecting and composting good quality organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer about 1 month before covering the shed. The application amount is generally 1 to 1.5 times that of Daejeon, ie 3000 to 10,000 kg per mu, and Deep plowing year by year, thickening the tillage layer, blending soil and fertilizer, and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
In order to prevent ammonia and nitrous acid gas poisoning, the application of organic fertilizer to maturity, especially chicken manure, requires a high degree of maturity and early application. It is forbidden to pile in the shed for a long period of time. Organic fertilizers can be applied in combination with inorganic fertilizers. If a portion of inorganic fertilizer is extracted and sprayed on leaves, it is more economical.
For different soils, better irrigation methods are selected. Different vegetables have different soil moisture requirements. Vegetables with lighter roots, such as cucumbers, peppers, broccoli, celery, and lettuce, prefer moist soils. The number and frequency of irrigation are appropriately increased. Deep, such as watermelon, melon, loofah, tomato, summer squash and other drought resistance, should minimize the amount of irrigation and irrigation times. Different growth periods have different requirements for soil moisture: the water absorption capacity of the root system at the seedling stage is weak, and the soil moisture is high; the rooting of the water is necessary to control the seedlings for rooting; the fruiting period is to be watered with the wet vegetables and the relative humidity of the topsoil Maintained at about 85%, for drought-tolerant vegetables, this period should not be too much water supply.
In plastic greenhouses, how to determine the appropriate irrigation time, irrigation temperature, irrigation volume and irrigation method is the key to achieve reasonable irrigation. Greenhouse irrigation water, the water temperature is maintained at 20 °C ~ 25 °C is appropriate, more than 28 °C will damage the vegetable roots, causing greenhouse vegetable diseases.
Effectively solve the salt damage The land where salt is already occurring can be solved by applying organic fertilizers such as cabbage, spinach, pumpkin, celery, broccoli and other salt-tolerant vegetables. Changing soil to remove salt or water is also a very effective method.
Sunlight greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are often over-fertilized and no natural precipitation is showered, causing the concentration of salt in the soil to rise. Standardized fertilization is an effective way to prevent the accumulation of greenhouse salt.
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