Pillar cultivation is a type of soilless cultivation. It can also be said to be three-dimensional soilless cultivation. This cultivation is the development of space through column-shaped cultivation that is erected around it, without affecting the level of cultivation. It makes full use of greenhouse space and solar energy, opening up broad prospects for agricultural development. Column-type soilless cultivation can improve the utilization rate of land by 3-5 times, increase the yield per unit area by 2-3 times, and at the same time increase the utilization rate of greenhouse facilities. It is a resource-saving agriculture and factory-efficient high-efficiency agriculture.
The pillarless vegetable soilless cultivation facilities are composed of nutrient solution tanks, plane cultivation beds, column cultivation pots, and liquid refill systems, which are briefly described below.
First, the nutrition tank
The nutrient solution tank is a device for storing a nutrient solution, which is generally a subterranean brick mud structure. Due to the large capacity of this nutrient tank, the temperature of the nutrient solution did not change much during the four seasons. The volume of the nutrient solution tank should be designed according to a standard of 15-20 tons of water for a hydroponic area of ​​667m2.
The construction of the nutrient tank is a technically strong project. Generally made of bricks and cement, it can also be made of reinforced concrete. In order to make the nutrient solution tank watertight, watertight and non-returnable, impermeable materials must be added, and waterproof material should be applied to the inner wall of the fluid tank. In addition, in order to facilitate the cleaning of liquid waste and maintain a certain amount of water in the water pump, a small 20 cm square water tank shall be installed in the water tank at one corner to facilitate the cleaning of the liquid tank.
Second, plane cultivation bed
The cultivation bed consists of a bed body and a planting board (also referred to as a cultivation board).
1. The bed body is a device for growing nutrients and planting crops. Made of polyphenylene materials. Specifications are: length 75cm, width 96cm, height 17cm. The bed of this polyphenylene material has the characteristics of light weight, easy movement, easy assembly and the like, and the service life is more than 10 years. In order not to allow the nutrient solution to leak and protect the bed, a black film with a thickness of 0.15 mm and a width of 1.45 m is laid inside.
2. The cultivation board is used to fix the root of the crop, prevent light from entering and dust, prevent the production of algae, and keep the temperature of the nutrient solution stable. The cultivation board is also made of polystyrene board, which is 89cm long, 59cm wide, and 3cm thick. The planting holes with a diameter of 3cm are arranged on the top and the hole spacing is 8cm12cm. Can also be based on different crop needs, the service life is also more than 10 years.
3. The liquid supply device for plane cultivation and drainage and the liquid supply device for the nutrient solution circulation plane cultivation bed are composed of a water pump and iron or plastic (10865, -65.00, -0.59%) dosing main pipe and liquid addition pipe, and each side of the plastic pipe Every 1.5m has a 3mm diameter hole. The nutrient solution can flow from the hole into the cultivation bed. The way to replenish the nutrient solution is to pump the nutrient solution from the tank first, and then enter the cultivation bed by adding the main pipe and adding the branch pipe to maintain the water level of 5-8cm. The nutrient solution that is higher than the discharge port, the liquid outlet port goes back to the nutrient tank through the drainage channel, and completes the planar circulation.
Third, the cultivation column
The column is used as a carrier to support and fix the vines and dripping boxes. The columns allow the cultivators to wear a string and lead to the air. The column is composed of cement piers and iron pipes. The size of the concrete pier is 15cm square, and there is a hole with a diameter of 30mm and a depth of 10cm in the middle. It is buried underground on both sides of the water tower bed to fix the pillar iron pipe. The distance between the piers is 90cm, the diameter of the iron pipe is 25~30mm, and the length is about 2m. Materials can be made of thin-walled iron pipes or hard plastic pipes. Insert the lower end of the tube into the hole in the cement pier.
1. Pillar cultivation Cultivating plants is a device for planting crops on columns. The shape of the cultivars developed by Beijing Vegetable Research Center is a hollow, six-valve plastic rake. Its specifications are 20cm high, 10cm in diameter, and 10cm between the flaps. The wolfberry is filled with pellets (a type of rock wool). This kind of grain cotton is light in weight and has both water retention and water permeability. 6 petals were planted at 6 petals. 8-9 cultivars were staggered into columns by staggering the petal positions.
2. The liquid addition system for the column liquidation system of the column cultivation is composed of a water pump, a liquid addition main pipe, a liquid addition pipe, and a drip box. The liquid addition main pipe is a 40-50mm hard drip irrigation pipe. The liquid addition pipe is a 16 mm diameter non-porous hard drip irrigation pipe. Dilution gold is also a round plastic box specially developed by the vegetable center to add liquid to the column. The two ends of the box have two hollow short handles. They are used to connect the liquid addition pipe. There are 6 holes around the bottom of the box to make nutrition. Liquid energy can flow down. The center of the bottom of the drip box is fixed above the column. The nutrient solution is pumped out of the tank by the pump and enters the drip box through the liquid addition pipe and the liquid addition pipe. It flows from the drip box into the cultivation bowl, through the small hole at the bottom of the cultivation bowl, and flows into the second cultivation bowl. Go to the bottom of a cultivation barn, and then flow into a flat water culture bed, and then return to the nutrient solution tank to complete a cycle. In order to achieve automation, the pump can be connected to a timer and the timer controls the dosing time.
Since column cultivation is a new cultivation method and the history is not long, the varieties of vegetables suitable for cultivation are being tested. At present, the varieties that have been successfully tested include leafy vegetables such as Viola variegata, big leaf tuber, erect lettuce, rapeseed, and clover. Fruit and vegetable cucumbers and tomatoes can grow up to 4 to 5 meters in height, and there is no need to use pillars for cultivation.
Column-type soilless cultivation is not only suitable for large-scale production of high-tech parks, but also suitable for greening such as family balconies and hotels, which is pleasing to the eye.
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