China's oil crop varieties are very rich. Rapeseed, soybean, peanut, sunflower seed and cottonseed are the five major oil crops in China, among which the output of rapeseed and peanuts ranks first in the world. In addition to the five major oil crops, there are many special fuel resources in China, often referred to as "small oil." The so-called small oils are relative to the five major oil crops because their range of growth and sown area are not as wide and large as those of the five major oil crops, and their yields cannot naturally be compared with the five major oil crops.
The so-called special grease is the use of special oil production of oil. Among these oils and fats, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid and linoleic acid are higher in content than other oils. They are also rich in many trace elements and bioactive substances and have a high nutritional value. Therefore, the price of special oils in the market is several times higher than the prices of the five major oil products. Therefore, the development and utilization of special oils, the production of blended oils and functional oils are important ways to promote the edible oil market, increase economic efficiency and people's health, and increase export earnings.
There are as many as 100 varieties of special oil in China. At present, the output is relatively large and has been developed and used: Camellia seed oil, tea seed oil, Samara oil, flax seed oil, safflower seed oil, grape seed oil, perilla oil, evening primrose oil, walnut oil, Almond oil, pumpkin seed oil, cocklebur seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, pine nut oil, and tomato seed oil, etc.; and other grain oils such as rice bran oil, corn germ oil, and wheat germ oil. Because the above-mentioned grease has unique functions, it has a good development prospect. Some have been included in the national deep-processing demonstration project for agricultural and sideline products, which fully demonstrates that the state encourages and supports the development and utilization of special fuels.
Now we introduce the development and utilization of the representative specialty oils such as camellia seed oil, safflower seed oil and rice bran oil and their nutritional value. It provides a reference for further understanding of the nutritional value of specialty fats and further development of special fuels.
1. Camellia seed oil
Camellia alias tea seed tree, tea tree. The perennial woody oil crops of the genus Camellia are mainly grown in the south of the country, with Hunan growing the most, followed by Jiangxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, and more than 10 provinces. It also has a certain amount of planting in India, Vietnam, Indonesia and other countries.
Camellia fruit is the fruit of Camellia oleifera. It is composed of Camellia oleifera (or tea bag) and Camellia oleifera, and Camellia oleifera is composed of tea seed hull and tea seed kernel. The tea camellia oil we talk about is the oil obtained by pressing or leaching tea seed kernels. Camellia seed oil is clear and delicious, and the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid is as high as 90%. The content of oleic acid is more than 80%. Because its fatty acid composition is comparable to olive oil in the Mediterranean region, coupled with its low iodine value, strong oil stability, and its inability to oxidize, it is known as the “Oriental olive oilâ€. Long-term consumption will help prevent vascular sclerosis, hypertension and obesity.
2, safflower oil
Safflower is an annual herbal plant of the Asteraceae family. Its vitality is extremely strong. It has wide adaptability to climate and soil conditions, and it is characterized by its resistance to cold, salt and alkali, and resistance to insects. China has the most safflower plants in Xinjiang. Safflower seeds can be used as oil to make edible oils, but also as medical supplies. Safflower seed oil is one of the highest edible oils containing linoleic acid, which is a fatty acid that the body needs but cannot synthesize itself. In addition, safflower oil is also rich in vitamin E and sterols, which have high nutritional value. It has certain effects on lowering blood pressure, anti-aging, anti-sterility, and lowering blood cholesterol. Therefore, safflower oil has strong competitiveness in the international market.
3, rice bran oil
Rice bran is a major by-product of rice processing into rice, and it is a grain oil resource developed and utilized in modern times. The use of rice bran to extract oil has a history of 890 years in the world. In the early 1940s, in Tianjin, China had built a factory that used rice bran to press oil, but there has been no development. After 1953, major cities such as Shanghai, Wuhan, and Guangzhou began to have large-scale production.
China is rich in rice, rice bran is very rich in resources, and rice bran has great potential for oil extraction. Now, rice bran oil has become an important source of oil in our country. Rice bran contains a lot of nutrients, rice bran oil in addition to the nutrients in rice bran, the fatty acid composition is more reasonable, rice bran oil contains 38% linoleic acid, oleic acid 42%, the ratio of 1:1:1. The modern viewpoint holds that the ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid is 1:1, and such oils have higher nutritional value. Therefore, rice bran oil is also one of the highest nutritional value edible oils and fats. In addition, rice bran oil also contains natural antioxidants such as vitamin E and oryzanol, and is the main raw material for producing oryzanol.
The processing methods of the three oils listed above, like the processing of oilseeds such as rapeseed, soybean, and peanut, must first be made from crude oil, and then subjected to degumming, deacidification, coloration, deodorization, and other refining processes (camellia seeds and Rice bran oil needs to be dewaxed, deesterified and other processes.) It is now edible. Now, the above-mentioned three kinds of edible oil and corn germ oil have been widely sold in large and medium-sized cities nationwide, especially in the coastal areas, and are popular among consumers. .
In order to support the development of special oils, in 2002 the National Development and Reform Commission included the deep processing of rice bran oil concentrates of Hunan Jinjian Rice Industry, the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of Jiangxi Wuguan tea oil, and the deep processing of safflower seed oil from Tacheng, Xinjiang, into the national agricultural and sideline products. Deep processing demonstration project. With the encouragement of the national policy, we believe that in the future there will be more and better specialty fats that will meet consumers.