Ginger pests and diseases are mainly ginger aphid, spot disease, root rot, anthracnose, and ginger borer, small tiger, alien eyelid mosquito, thrips, etc., and ginger aphid and ginger aphid are the most important and most harmful 2 Pests and diseases. First, ginger rickets. The disease, also known as ginger rot disease, is the most common devastating disease in ginger production, and it is also a major factor that restricts ginger production and quality. In recent years, my county has been re-initiated for many years. According to statistics from the author, the average disease-infected strain rate of the disease was 19.3%, and severe plots were as high as 49.6%. Individual plots and even crop failures resulted in an annual output loss of up to 40,000 tons due to the disease. the above. 1. Symptom identification: The disease mainly damaged ginger stems and leaves and rhizomes. The above-ground stems were dark purple, internal tissues browned and rotted, leaving only fibers. Most of the leaves first lost water and curled to the back of the leaves. The leaves drooped and the vascular bundles turned brown. After the plants were green and dead, the plants stood upright and did not fall flat. A few severe plant leaves turned yellow from bottom to top. In the early stage of root disease, the roots were water-stained and yellow-brown. After the internal tissues gradually softened and rotted, only the outer skin remained. The milky white pus could overflow from the vascular bundle in the squeezing disease part, and the rotten and odor was emitted from the rhizome when the diseased plant was removed. When the roots were damaged, they were pale brown and eventually rotted. 2, the incidence of the law: pathogenic bacteria in the rhizomes and soil overwintering, generally in the soil can survive for more than 2 years, with the species of ginger is the main primary infestation source, this disease soil is also an important source of infection of ginger borer. Ginger in my county generally begins to develop in late May and early June. A sporadic episode is observed during the field survey in mid-June. From the end of June to the middle of July, the disease frequently occurs. This is because the temperature is high and the rainfall is high. Extended invasion and reproduction provide favorable conditions. Therefore, in the case of high temperature and rainy years, the disease is often caused by a pandemic in a short period of time, causing serious damage. From late July to mid-September, the epidemic of the disease occurs. At this time, a field of yellow-brown strains can be seen in the fields, and all serious fields can be dead. 3. Control methods: There are many transmission routes of ginger borer, and the onset period is long and it is difficult to control. At present, there are no ideal pharmaceuticals, so agricultural control measures should be taken as the main method, combined with physical control, supplemented by chemical control, in order to cut off the transmission route and control the occurrence and spread of the disease as far as possible. (1) Agricultural control. The strict selection of disease-free ginger, and the implementation of more than four years of rotation, combined with fine management, application of net fertilizer, pouring water, can cut off the way of soil bacteria, the occurrence of the disease to a minimum. (2) Physical control. For early-stage treatment of already affected fields, local farmers generally seal the diseased center and its surrounding soil and diseased plants with plastic film, and disperse it with quicklime within a 1-meter radius, which can greatly reduce The spread and spread of the disease. (3) Chemical control. Can choose to use some bactericidal agents, such as 72% of agricultural streptomycin powder 2000 times or 80% of sterilized Pioneer WP 800 times or 70% WP 1500 times to prevent rooting, each cluster of ginger Each time the root 250 grams of liquid medicine, spraying once every 7-10 days, you can spray 3-4 times. Second, Jiang Yan. The ginger borer, also known as borerworm, is an omnivorous pest that can cause damage from the emergence of ginger to the harvest. In normal years, the damage rate of the insect in the ginger field is 2-5%, and if it does not pay attention, it can reach 10%. The above hazard rate. 1, the law of occurrence: Jiangyan larvae feeding mainly larvae, larvae hatched 2-3 days from the ground 1-5 cm above the height of leaf sheath and stalk gap or heart leaves invasive, and the intrusion is clearly drilled Holes. When the larva drills, it feeds upward, causing the stem to be hollow, impeding the transportation of nutrients, leaving the victim blade in a thin film with residual feces, irregular holes in the leaves, and the stem and leaf sheath often being bitten into rings. mark. In the seedling stage, the upper leaves of the seedlings are withered and yellow, withering or stalks are broken, and the lower leaves are generally still normal. Therefore, the field investigation can clearly see that the plant with the lower dryness is Jiangyan. At this time, the larvae are found and the stalks are removed. The larvae that are feeding are generally visible. The larvae are about 1-3 cm in length and the 3rd instar larvae are milky white and pale yellow or brown when old. 2. Prevention methods (1) Manual capture. Due to the damage of the boring bug, the control effect of the general pharmaceuticals is not very good, especially the older larvae have strong resistance, and artificial capture is generally recommended. In the morning, plants that have just been damaged by drilling rakes are found in the field, and the wormholes are found. Larvae can be found by opening the stem. (2) Chemical control. The larvae had the strongest drug resistance before the 2nd instar. Therefore, it is advisable to treat the disease early and treat the disease at an appropriate time. The preferred agent is 15% DuPont Immobilizer 4000-5000x, or 5% Tredin Solvent 3000-4000x, or 20% net 2000-2500x solution, spraying the field plants. It is also possible to use insecticides for the control of the above-mentioned agents. (Xie Zhongwei, Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Linquan County, Anhui Province)
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