It is approaching the time of ginger planting in the year. Faced with the high incidence of ginger diseases and insect pests, growers should start from planting and strengthen all aspects of cultivation and management measures to achieve safe production of ginger, high yield and high quality.
1. Preparation before broadcasting
1. Seed selection. When selecting seeds, it is necessary to strictly remove the diseased ginger blocks with black or yellow-brown ring patterns.
2. Sun seeds. Generally, in early March, the selected ginger seeds are placed in the sun for 1 to 2 days until the ginger skin is dry and slightly wrinkled, and the diseased frozen ginger pieces are removed.
3. Germination. Before germination, use chlorothalonil, carbendazim and other fungicides to disinfect and sterilize, and then place it at 20℃～25℃ to accelerate germination. The relative humidity should be maintained at 75%～80%. When the humidity is high, the cover should be opened to breathe. ～27 days, when the bud grows 0.6 to 1.2 cm, it can be sown.
4. Soil preparation and fertilization. Turn 18-24 cm deep, and apply 4000-5000 kg of high-quality coarse fertilizer, 30 kg of compound fertilizer, 40 kg of potassium sulfate, 40 kg of medium and trace element fertilizer, or 2 kg of zinc fertilizer per mu. Make a ridge platform with a height of 35-40 cm and a width of 70 cm.
5. Break off the ginger species. Before ginger is planted in the ground, it is necessary to break off the seeds. Generally, only one short and strong bud is kept on each ginger, and all the other young buds are removed. The size of the ginger is about 75 grams. After breaking off the buds, spray MZM, 50 grams per 50 kilograms of ginger seeds.
Second, sowing and mulching
Sowing at the right time on April 10-20, 400-500 kilograms per mu, plant spacing 20-22 cm. When sowing, place the ginger seeds flat in the ditch to keep the direction of the young shoots consistent. Water after sowing, and disinfect the soil with mulch mancozeb.
After seeding and disinfection, use a two-tooth hook to scrape the wet soil on the upper part of the ridge to cover the ginger seed, and then use a nail rake to flatten it, generally covering the soil with a thickness of 4 to 5 cm. After covering the soil, spray "Shi Tianbu" or "Caicao Tong" to weed according to the instructions. Then mulching, one is the mulching method, that is, the mulching film is spread on the ground, two trenches and one platform, and so on. The second is a small arched shed cultivation method, which is to first bend a 90-100 cm long bamboo sheet into an arch and insert it into the ground, then cover it with a film.
3. Post-broadcast management
1. Ventilation. When the seedlings are unearthed, according to the temperature, pierce the membrane and ventilate them in time.
2. Watering. After the ginger seedlings have been planted, water the seedlings once, and then water them at an appropriate time, generally every 7 to 10 days. During the growth period, the soil should be kept moist and the topsoil should not be whitened as the principle.
3. Top dressing. The principle of fertilization is light application or no seedling fertilizer, reapplication of branch fertilizer and supplementary application of autumn fertilizer. Generally, topdressing is performed once in mid-July, applying 25-30 kg of urea per mu; in early August, applying 75 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu and 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu; in late August, applying 50 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu; September In the first ten days, when the plant grows to 6-8 branches, it is in the period of rapid rhizome expansion. Nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace elements can be applied with the water according to the growth of the plant, and the above-ground part shall be topdressed every 7-10 days. Spray 1 time, spray 3 to 4 times continuously.
4. Cultivating soil. When the seedlings are 10-15 cm high and have 2 to 3 branches, the film and weeds should be removed in time, and the soil should be cultivated for the first time. A small amount of soil on the ridge platform should be cultivated into the ditch, and the soil should be cultivated once every 15 days. Clay soil 3 to 4 times.
Four, pest control
The main disease is ginger plague. The control method can implement crop rotation and stubble replacement, selection of disease-resistant varieties and disease-free ginger species, water purification, fertilization, and timely treatment of diseased plants. Pull out diseased plants in time, spread lime in the holes of the plants, and use sprays of 3000 grades for chemical control.
The main pests of ginger are borer, thrips and root knot nematodes. The borer can be controlled by spraying with 20% chlorantraniliprole, 5.7% emamectin, etc., thrips can be controlled with 4% anti-aphicarb spray, and root-knot nematodes and other underground pests can be irrigated with emamectin and abamectin. The use of terbuthion, carbofuran (carbofuran), phorate, aldicarb (Shennongdan) and other countries banned or restricted pesticides are strictly prohibited.
Five, harvest
Ginger should be harvested before the "frost". When harvesting, keep about 2 cm of the above-ground stems, remove the roots, and enter the cellar at any time.
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