New pig farm design requirements

Sow design

First, the design principles: low cost, easy to use; homes no water, no skid, smooth walls and easy to clean and disinfect; pigskin roof should have insulation, cool in winter and cool in summer, easy to environmental control.

Second, the design scale: According to their own economic conditions and management capabilities. It is best to have 10 rooms and raise about 25 sows. There is a rest and operation room at one end of the pig house.

Third, feeding methods: empty, pregnant sows 3-4 small laps rearing group feeding, littering sows single-row feeding, built-in activity feed bar and piglets incubator, piglets weaning feed bars and incubators taken away After the mother keeps her cubs for a period of time, she will be transferred to a finishing house. Set the sow feed trough, empty sow, pregnant sow wet mix (feed water ratio 1:1) limited time feeding, keep 7-8 into a quail, 90% cricket at the time of labor; litter ratio of 1:1 2, according to how much to feed how much to feed the principle of feeding. After sows, the sow should be fixed and the piglets should be trained to heat in the incubator after feeding. The piglets start to feed freely in the feed bar within 5-7 days, and they need to feed less; the automatic drinkers with 1000px and 375px in the circle are each free to drink water.

IV. Excrement method: After the sow is transferred to a finishing house, it should be trained to defecate. Every day, the excrement is cleared from the excrement mouth to the excrement truck and it is not necessary to pollute the walls and the ground under the excrement mouth. Urine and sewage flow from the floor drain to the covered sewage ditch. The sewage ditch has a sedimentation tank at the end of each dwelling. The supernatant flows into the farm's total sewers and sinks to the lagoon where it is subjected to severe oxygen, aerobic and sand. Or after the artificial wetland reaches the standard discharge.

5. Column wall design: The wall of the southern wall is a lattice wall of 24 brick cement, and the long wall of the rear corridor is an iron railing. The north wall should be equipped with windows and windows to facilitate ventilation in the summer. The two-column partition is a 12-story solid brick concrete wall to prevent the spread of the adjacent two-column contact disease.

Sixth, environmental control measures:

The open part of the pig house in the south is sealed with a plastic net or shade net, which is both ventilated and shields against mosquitoes and flies. In winter, it is covered with plastic film insulation (including the north and south grid wall), and the foul air in the house is discharged through the roof vent holes. In summer, using the pavilion effect, the greenhouse effect in winter can basically meet the environmental temperature requirements for finishing pigs. When the temperature is high in the summer at noon, plastic pipes should be pulled over the barracks, and one plastic sprayer should be installed in each bar for spray cooling, but littering Do not spray and cool the piglets during the nursery season to prevent the pig house from being wet and the piglets squatting. The upper window and the ground window of the northern wall of the pig house are sealed with plastic nets in summer and sealed with plastic film in winter.

Branch House Design

Branching house and tiller bar According to the characteristics of the branch house, the main technical parameters for the design basis are: Shed temperature 20_30 °C, relative humidity 40_80%, temperature adjustment wind speed 02--15 m/s, ventilation rate 1 per minute. - 125 volumes of air volume in pig houses, light transmission angle α ≥ 25 degrees, β ≥ 5 degrees. The branch house adopts tunnel negative pressure ventilation and evaporative cooling combined with environmental technology. It means that the pig house is a narrow and long passageway, with a row of fans on one end of the wall and a wet curtain on the other. Fans are vented outwards to create a negative pressure in the tunnel, and air is sucked in through a honeycomb curtain to reduce the temperature inside the pig house. In order to achieve a better cooling effect, the house needs to be closed. The simple form is to install metal nets and plastic roller blinds around the pig house. The suction inside the pig house makes the plastic screen stick to the screen so as to achieve the purpose of sealing. In the spring and winter months of power outage, rolling up the roller blinds from the bottom allows air to enter the room from both sides, ensuring continued ventilation.

The long design: The length of the house is mainly related to the ventilation rate. For a long pig house, the ventilation rate is not within the range of 0.2-2 m/s, so it is generally considered that the length of the house cannot exceed 120 m. . If the length of the pig house is L (m), the cross-sectional area is S (m 2 ), and the air velocity is V (m/s), the parameters follow the following formula:

60.SV = 1_1.25.SL

L = 60V/1-1.25 (V=0.2-2)

L ≤ 120 meters

Therefore, research shows that the length should not be longer than 120 meters.

The design of the breadth: the width of the shedding is related to the shelving height and the natural light transmittance angle in the shedding. The shelving width is X (the inner width is X1, the outer width is X2), and the shelving height is H (the low wall height H1, the high wall height H2 ), light transmission angle α, the relationship is as follows:

H1=tgα.X1

H2=tg (α-β).X2

The light transmission angle α≥25 degrees, β≥5 degrees

Therefore: H1 ≤ 0.364X1

H2 ≤ 0.436X2

1.1 The roof is sealed with a plastic water-proof membrane and aluminum alloy corrugated plate, which has good thermal insulation properties and is convenient for the control of temperature inside the house.

1.2 The first half of the barnyard is heated by hot water to provide a good growth environment for the piglets, or an incubator or local heating plate is set inside the product bar to keep the temperature at 25-30 degrees. The side walls are equipped with exhaust fans and wet curtains to facilitate the regulation and control of microclimate such as temperature, humidity and air in the house.

1.3 The tiller column is 2.1 meters long and 1.6--1.8 meters wide, with a practical area of ​​3.36--3.79 square meters. The fences are separated by plates, such as iron sheet, and they are close to the bed surface and are not fenced to prevent the piglets from touching each other.

1.3 There is a protective nursery bar assembled with steel pipe in the tiller column. The bar is 0.6m wide and rectangular. It restricts the range of movement of the sow, prevents the piglets from being pressed, is easy to breastfeed, has a trough in front of the bar, and a drinking fountain. On both sides of the piglet activity site, there is a piglet incubator on one side. The box is equipped with an infrared light bulb. The lower edge of the box has a 20-cm-high exit for piglets to move in and out. At the same time, the box can be folded and folded on one side of the bar when not in use in summer.

1.4 The piglet activity area on both sides of the trampoline is plastic slatted floor, and the sow activity area is cast iron slatted floor, which is conducive to clean sewage and disinfection and sterilization.

1.5 Below the obstetrics bed is a man-made manure slope, with a side-by-side manure trench. Conditioners can install a manure killer.

Nursery house design

Life transitions to a completely independent life, poor adaptability to the environment, and weak resistance to disease, and this period of time is the period in which piglets grow most strongly. Therefore, the nursery must provide a clean, dry, Warm, fresh air environment. At present, China's modern pig farms mostly use high-bed online nursery bars, mainly consisting of metal braided slatted floor nets, fences, automatic food troughs, connection cards, and support legs. The metal braided nets are placed on the manure ditch (or entity) through brackets. On the concrete floor), the fence is fixed on the metal leaky seam floor by a connection card, and an automatic food trough is arranged in the adjacent two columns at intervals to feed the two columns of piglets automatically, and an automatic drinker is installed in each column. Online piglets, feces and urine at any time through the slat floor fell into the ditch, to keep the net bed dry, clean, so that the piglets avoid fecal pollution, reduce disease, greatly improve the survival rate of piglets, is an ideal piglet conservation equipment . The length, width and height of the piglet nursery bar vary depending on the structure of the pig house. The commonly used specifications are 2 meters in length, 1.7 meters in width, 0.6 meters in height, 0.06 meters in the side-bar clearance, and 0.25-meter above ground level. 0.3 meters. Can raise 10-25 piglets 10--12. Practical effect is very good. According to local conditions in production, the nursery bar also uses a cement structure with a mixed structure of metal and cement for the east and the west. The south and north sides of the fence still use metal, which can save some metal materials and maintain good ventilation.

Finishing pig house design

In selecting which type of finishing pig house to build, the pig raiser should consider a building that can save manpower, increase work efficiency and make the herd comfortable. Daily activities, such as feeding and debriding, require a lot of manpower. This requires a construction that is convenient for work.

First, floor area requirements and the length of the feeder trough to the total area requirements should be based on the pig's size, age, climate conditions and the number of pigs in each lap decision (Table 10-3).

Table 10-3 Minimum floor space requirements

Live pig weight (kg) 20-45 45-100

Food trough length (cm) 25 32-35

Tropical Climate (m2) 0.5 0.85

Temperate climate (m2) 0.4 0.75

The above dimensions can be adjusted according to local conditions. In warm climates, changes in space and conditions may eliminate many of the heat stress.

Second, the number of pigs per lap

In addition to providing more space, the barring restriction per bar also has a positive effect on productivity. There should be at most 8-12 pigs in a pen.

Third, rearing

In the case of limited feeding, the feed is fed twice a day and the quantity is controlled. In order to allow each pig to eat, the feed trough should be adjusted according to the number of pigs in each lap (32-35 cm wide and can be used for pigs up to 100 kg in weight). A swinging feeder scraper is needed so that the feed can be fed first without disturbing the pig's feed intake. When the free-feeding method is used, pigs are completely free to eat. The free-feeding method uses an automatic feeder, which has a storage funnel and 1-4 feed intakes. Most of the feed is fed by hand (barrels, spoons, scales), but in large pig farms and where people want to reduce labor, the owner can use a mechanical feeding system.

IV. Systems Applied in Finishing Pig Farms

Mixing system: This system means that pigs of different ages are kept in a pig house or pig house. This is a widely used system in the tropics. There is no other possibility for small pig farms. However, it is important that pigs of the same weight stay together as much as possible to avoid the spread of disease.

Lifting system: Young finishing pigs require much less space and feeder trough length than hogs. If all the fences are the same size and are considered for the big pigs, the young pigs will take up too much space. The result may be dirty pigsty. To prevent this, a lifting system can be used. Young pigs live in small circles when they start, and when they reach 45kg they are transferred to the big circle. In this way, the construction cost is low and the fence utilization rate is high. The disadvantage is that this type of system requires more manpower. In addition to transferring pigs, pigs will be more stressed.

All-in, all-out: The finishing pigs are all transported into the pen (60-80 heads) and sent to the slaughterhouse in one or two batches. The cleaning and disinfection of all coils can be completed at the same time.

Fifth, the form of circle

1. There is no separate area for the defecation zone: There is a hard floor in the hot area, and sometimes there are some slatted floors. Intra-circle barriers are (partially) voided (hollow bricks, barbed wire, bars) to allow air circulation as much as possible. There is no separate defecation area for most of the time.

2. Half-slat floor: This form of fence separates the lying area from the defecation area. The floor space requirement in the Netherlands is 0.75 m2 per pig.

3. Full slatted floor: Full slatted flooring, floor area requirement is 0.65m2 per pig.

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