In the process of vegetable planting, the occurrence of pests and diseases can not be avoided, and comprehensive control techniques can be used to ensure that vegetables are green, safe and pollution-free. Comprehensive prevention and control technologies include agricultural control technology, physical control technology, biological control technology, and chemical control technology. Let's talk about these techniques in detail below.
I. Agricultural control technology
(1) High temperature shacks to prevent disease. During the summer turf change in the original vegetable greenhouse, after selecting the sunny day to completely close the greenhouse, continuous high temperature suffocation for 5-7 days can kill the bacterial wilt, blight and blight.
(2) Plowing the soil to reduce the disease in the cultivating. The vegetable fields are ploughed in winter and low in the fields. Deeply ploughing 20-25 cm deep buried pests, dead branches, fallen leaves. Reduce cultivating and weeding and artificial wounds and prevent the invasion of germs.
(3) Select resistant (resistant) disease varieties. Choose quarantined varieties of resistant (resistant) diseases and eliminate varieties that have been continuously grown for many years. Grafted seedlings are used to prevent blight of melons and solanaceous vegetables.
(4) Implement rotation to prevent soil-borne diseases. The same vegetables, melons, and solanaceous vegetables are not continuously planted on a vegetable patch. It can be rotated with rice or with onions, garlic and leafy vegetables to reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as blight and bacterial wilt.
(5) Strengthen field management to prevent soil-borne diseases. During the growth of vegetables, the leaves, fruits or pests of pests and diseases shall be removed in time; the residues of diseased insects in the vegetable fields shall be cleaned after the vegetables are harvested, and they shall be taken out of the field for burning, and buried or placed in the kiln to reduce the initial invasion of pests and diseases. The source of infection prevents the spread of germs on the sick body and reduces the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. Scientific management of water to avoid string irrigation, flood irrigation, slow the spread of disease spread.
Second, physical control technology
1. Insect net prevention pest technology
During the growing period of vegetables, the 50-mesh insect-proof net is covered on the scaffolding, and the surrounding of the net shed is pressed tightly, leaving no gaps to prevent pests such as Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua from entering the shed. The underground pests should be disposed of before the net shed, and the shed door should be closed in time when entering and leaving the shed.
2, yellow and blue board traps aphids, hummer technology
In the occurrence period of aphids, whiteflies, and adult larvae, the yellow scorpion is used to trap adult worms, and the blue scorpion is used to trap the hummers. 20 pieces of yellow plates are evenly inserted per acre. The yellow and blue plates should be 30 cm higher than the vegetables and replaced every month. once.
3, light trapping pest technology
Every April to October, every 30-50 acres of vegetable land is installed with insecticidal lamps, and the bottom of the insecticidal lamp is 1.5 meters from the ground. Every night, the lights turn on and the lights turn off. Inducing the adult pests of vegetable pests such as Spodoptera litura, beet armyworm, and diamondback moth.
4, sexual attractant traps pests
Spodoptera litura, beet armyworm, diamondback moth, and small ground tiger can all be trapped by sexual attractants, and can be selected according to local conditions. Plutella xylostella sex attractant is used in May-June and July-September. There are 3 traps built in one trap per acre. Spodoptera litura and beet armyworm attractant are used in July-October. One trap has a built-in lure. The traps are 30 meters apart and the traps are hung on the scaffolding or wooden sticks, 30 cm above the vegetables. The lure is replaced every 30 days in spring and autumn, and the lure is replaced every 20 days in summer. The sex attractant traps the male moth, reduces the mating and breeding of the female moth, and reduces the hatching rate of the egg. Large-area long-term use is better.
The self-made trap is made by using a Coke bottle, an oil bottle, a mineral water bottle, and cutting 2 symmetrical 2×2 cm orifices 3 cm below the neck of the bottle to add water and washing powder to the trap. The core is close to the surface but cannot be soaked in water to avoid failure.
Third, biological control technology
In the prevention and control of pesticides, biological pesticides should be preferred to control vegetable pests and diseases.
Using Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), Beauveria bassiana to control Pieris rapae; Polyhedrosis virus to control Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura; Liuyangmycin for controlling red spiders, sassafras; agricultural streptomycin for controlling bacterial wilt; To prevent and treat viral diseases; agricultural anti-120 to control anthracnose and blight. Use matrine, cucurbitine, natural pyrethrin to control cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, aphids and the like.
Fourth, chemical control technology
When using chemical pesticides, high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides should be correctly selected according to different pests and diseases of different crops, and high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides are prohibited. It should be applied in the lower larval stage of the pest and in the early stage of the disease. Pay attention to the rotation and alternate use of pesticides. Adding a synergist to the drug solution can increase the adhesion, diffusion and penetration of the pesticide, improve the efficacy and reduce the amount of the pesticide. Perform safe medication and harvest intervals.
1, seedbed soil disinfection with dixon, carbendazim: 3 to 5 days before transplanting vegetables sprayed or watered anti-disease agents, so that drugs can be transplanted. When transplanting root water after transplanting, anti-disease agents should be added to prevent soil diseases such as blight, bacterial wilt and blight.
2. Pest control:
Control of Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua should use doxorubicin, flubendiamide, chlorbenzuron, and carbamazepine in the young larvae; use imidacloprid and acetamiprid to control aphids. Deltamethrin; control of red spider, scutellaria, ketoate, avermectin, fenpropathrin, etc.
3. Disease prevention and treatment:
For the control of gray mold, multi-antimycin, imazamox, oxazolol, tebuconazole; prevention and treatment of downy mildew with metalaxyl manganese zinc; prevention and treatment of anthrax with mancozeb, tebuconazole, difenoconazole Propiconazole; use of thidium copper and copper hydroxide for the control of bacterial wilt; use of carbendazim and metalaxyl in the control of wilt disease; use of metalaxyl zinc and zinc in the prevention and treatment of diseases.
The green prevention and control technology of vegetable pests and diseases needs to be comprehensively applied to achieve the best effect and ensure high yield and high quality of vegetable production.
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