As the temperature continues to rise recently, it is prone to cause sunburn and burns. However, many farmers are unfamiliar with these two diseases, often confusing prevention and control, and causing losses to production. In response, the reporter recently interviewed Liu Zhaoqiang, president of the Shaanxi Grape Industry Federation and a senior agronomist. He analyzed the characteristics and manifestations of gas burning and sunburn, and put forward specific prevention and treatment measures.
Incidence and Symptoms Day burns generally occur during fruit enlargement and are physiological diseases caused by direct sunlight. At the early stage of disease, the positive side of the fruit changed from green to yellow-green, and partially turned white, followed by a flaming brown-oval or irregular-shaped spot, which later expanded into brown-spotted lesions. The entire course lasts 2-3 days. Gas burning disease usually occurs in the young fruit period, and the location of the disease is not related to direct sunlight. Initially, it showed dehydration, sag, and light brown patches that rapidly expanded into large lesions. The entire process was completed within 2 hours.
The cause of the disease is sunburn caused by ultraviolet rays and strong light. The main reason is that due to prolonged sun exposure, the surface temperature of the peel is too high, the permeability of the epidermal tissue increases, the water transpires, and necrosis of the epidermis occurs. symptom. Gas burn is caused by "physiological water imbalance" caused by physiological diseases. Under normal circumstances, continuous rain or water, the weather suddenly turned sunny and hot, hot and easily lead to gas burning. This is because the function of the root system is impaired by prolonged soaking, which affects the absorption of water. The high temperature requires transpiration regulation, more water is needed, the plant water needs to conflict with the water supply, and water physiological disharmony occurs.
Prevention and Control Measures Liu Zhaoqiang said that for day-to-day burning and gas burning, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to increase organic fertilizers, increase tree vigor, improve orchard management, enhance the robustness of branches and leaves, and timely irrigation. The first prevention and treatment of sunburn disease is to use a reasonable tree structure to increase the number of leaves, emphasis on summer pruning, leaving 8-10 leaves above the ear, a reasonable amount of leaves left by the apical shoots, to avoid exposure of the fruit to strong light. The second is to use a rain-fighting mode of cultivation. This will not only reduce other fungal diseases, but also reduce the direct light of the strong light on the fruit, thereby reducing the temperature of the fruit surface. Third, the use of bagging methods to reduce the burn of the light on the fruit, while improving the quality of the fruit. One of the prevention and treatment of gas scald disease is to observe the weather forecast in real time, avoid irrigation before high temperature, and pay attention to timely drainage after rain. Second, for the orchard to be bagged, try to postpone the bagging time and fully irrigate it before bagging to avoid bagging at high temperatures. Third, in the high-temperature season, we can adopt the way of interplanting grass in the orchard to reduce the absorption of ground heat, reduce the transpiration on the ground, reduce the temperature of the microenvironment around the fruit, and reduce the occurrence of gas scald disease.
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