Commonly referred to as farmyard fertilizers, which are mainly derived from plants and (or) animals, are applied to the soil to provide carbonaceous materials with plant nutrition as its main function. Processed from biological materials, animal and plant wastes, and plant residues, it eliminates toxic and harmful substances contained therein and is rich in a number of beneficial substances, including: a variety of organic acids, peptides, and abundances including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Nutrition elements. Not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long effect on fertilizers. It can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, and improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity. It is the main nutrient for green food production.
Organic fertilizer raw materials can only exert their maximum efficiency after being properly fermented and decomposed. When unpatched organic fertilizer is piled, the compost site should be selected in the place of leeward, sunny, and high dryness, and agricultural plastic film or cement be selected on the compost floor. On the ground, the crushing of livestock manure in the farmyard manure should be broken up. The straw should be crushed to 5 cm or less for rolling, and about 3% of superphosphate and soil should be mixed and piled up. The addition of calcium superphosphate is mainly to prevent the loss of nitrogen in organic fertilizers and to increase the activity of microorganisms. After stacking, smooth the surface with a spade, cover it with mud about 10 centimeters thick, or cover it with agricultural film, tightly press around, and create an oxygen-deficient environment to make it mature as soon as possible. Farmyard manure can decompose in about 60 days.
Various types of feces can be harmful if they are not fermented and decomposed:
1. Infectious diseases and pests. Excrement, household waste and other organic materials contain coliforms, nematodes, and other pathogens and pests. The direct use of these organisms can result in the spread of diseases and pests, and the incidence of crops. It also affects the human health of edible agricultural products. When unripe organic materials are fermented in the soil, it is easy. The breeding of pathogens and insect pests also causes the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
2, fermented sprouts. After organic materials such as unfermented raw manure are applied to the ground, they ferment under the action of microorganisms when the fermentation conditions are met. When the fermentation site is closer to the root and the crop plants are smaller, the heat generated by the fermentation will affect the growth of the crop. Causes the death of the plant.
3, toxic gas hazards. In the process of decomposition, harmful gases such as methane and ammonia are produced, which can cause acid damage and root damage to the soil and crops.
4, the lack of oxygen in the soil. Organic matter consumes oxygen from the soil during the decomposition process, temporarily leaving the soil in an anoxic state, and inhibiting crop growth.
5, fertilizer effect is slow. In unfermented and mature organic fertilizers, nutrients are mostly organic or slow-acting, and cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by crops. Only the decomposition and conversion to the rapid-effect state can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Therefore, when the unfermented organic fertilizers are directly applied, the fertilizer efficiency is slowed down.
6. Direct use without treatment, large volume of organic materials, low active ingredients, inconvenient transportation, and increased use costs.
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