The most effective way to achieve weight loss and increase efficiency in scale planting is scientific soil testing and precise fertilization. Therefore, smart fertilizer has become the most promising and popularized fertilization model. As an authoritative expert in the field of soil testing and fertilization, researcher Yang Bingping, deputy director of the National Soil Testing and Fertilization Laboratory, found that due to the lack of understanding of scientific soil testing and precision fertilization, some enterprises often stayed in publicity when implementing smart fertilizers. , heavy mode, light science level. These practices not only misled many growers, but also did not allow them to enjoy the true benefits of smart fertilizer.
Then, where should the key technologies of smart fertilizer be reflected? Which practices are only superficial articles? Which practices are scientific? Want to bring benefits to farmers, what should smart fertilizer companies focus on? Concerned about the topic, the reporter interviewed researcher Yang Yiping.
What should be the core of intelligent fertilizer?
“First of all, I am sure of the necessity of intelligent fertilizer allocation.†Researcher Yang Weiping said that the Ministry of Agriculture proposed “big formula, small adjustment†in 2013, and also divided several large crop cultivation areas and measured each The nutrient content of the region, according to the average condition of nutrients in each region, gives a recommended formula. The former compound fertilizer enterprises mostly guided the production according to the large formula given by the Ministry of Agriculture.
However, there are also problems with this operation. First, the formula given by the Ministry of Agriculture is only for the three field crops of rice, wheat and corn, and the economic crops are not involved. Secondly, the plots with very high nutrient content and nutrient content in one region are extremely Compared with low plots, the nutrient content is too different, and it is inevitable that the fertilization will inevitably cause large errors according to the nutrient average.
Third, every new compound fertilizer company needs to apply for a registration certificate again, and too many formulas will greatly increase the pressure and difficulty of production. Based on the above three questions, in fact, only a large formula has been achieved at present, and the small adjustment has not been done. The state proposes zero growth of fertilizers, promotes weight loss and efficiency, and requires more precise fertilization.
In order to accurately fertilize, it is necessary to carry out the recommended formula through timely nutrient determination, and the smart fertilizer can just meet the demand of “small adjustmentâ€. From this perspective, because of the flexibility, accuracy and scientific nature of the fertilizer, its development is still necessary.
However, researcher Yang Yiping also found that although smart fertilizer is closer to science, it lacks professional technical support and lacks communication with authorities. There are still some problems in this model. For example, some enterprises claim that in order to ensure accuracy, in order to ensure accuracy, one-tenth of a thousandth of a balance should be used to refer to soil samples. Other enterprises use diamonds to pick up soil in ice and snow, and even some enterprises are blindly promoting the fertilizer machine. Precision.
In fact, these practices not only hurt the people but also are completely unnecessary. She believes that the core of smart fertilizer is not only to buy a smart fertilizer machine, but to recommend accurate formulas based on accurate soil test results, and the recommended fertilizer experts need to be accurate. Database support.
Whether the soil sample test is accurate depends on these two points!
Researcher Yang Yiping said that an inaccurate test is not as good as it is. The scientific nature of intelligent fertilizer is firstly to measure the soil, and the accuracy of the measurement is required. In addition to the representativeness of the sampling, the technical level of the tester is required to meet the standard.
Whether the soil taken is representative or not is the key to soil testing and formulating, so sampling must be carried out according to sampling requirements. Sampling time is generally carried out after harvesting before or after harvesting, or if there are conditions, some crops with long growing season and many top dressings can also be tested in the middle of growth. According to the test results, the varieties of topdressing and Quantity, orchard is generally taken before the first fertilization after harvesting.
To ensure the number of soil picking points, the soil sample taken from a piece of land is a mixed soil sample taken from a plurality of points in a piece of land. Generally, a mixed sample of at least 5 points should be taken on an acre of land. The area should be correspondingly multiplied. increase. The sampling depth and sampling position should be adjusted according to the type of crop. The general crop is based on the depth of the ploughing layer. The orchard should be sampled in the 0-30 cm soil layer and the fertilization point should be avoided. After the soil sample taken is thoroughly mixed, 0.5-1 kg of the soil sample is taken as a test soil sample by the quartering method.
The technical level of the tester is also one of the most critical factors for the accuracy of the test. "As far as I know, many companies at the grassroots level do not only test soil samples, but more of an advertising effect. Some companies' soil surveyors do not even have basic chemical knowledge, let alone instrument operation. Therefore, human error is large during the measurement process.
Moreover, many of the nutrient determination methods they refer to are still the old methods of routine measurement decades ago, which are not only cumbersome and time-consuming to operate, but the results are not necessarily accurate. Therefore, the staff of these basic laboratory should be trained in professional testing institutions to improve their testing level and the standardization of test operations.
In addition to the personnel to do a good job of training, the quality control of the test should also be done well. It is recommended that the laboratory set up a reference soil sample to compare the accuracy of the sample measurement results. Yang said that researcher.
What kind of smart fertilizer companies can trust?
“Intelligent fertilizer companies that farmers can trust should be backed by authoritative scientific research forces.†Researcher Yang Weiping believes that only the nutrient content is measured, and the formula is not allowed, and finally it is just a test data. Therefore, it is especially important to recommend a scientific formula based on nutrient content. What the peasants really need is never to tell him what the nutrient content of the land is, but what is needed is to tell him how much to apply this NPK.
Recommendations based on test values ​​require technical support. In fact, many companies do not have such strong technical strength, and research institutes and universities may already have a relatively mature method. The correspondence between test values ​​and recommended quantities will be relatively accurate. She suggested that companies can seek technical support from research institutes and university professionals.
Researcher Yang Yiping also suggested that qualified enterprises can establish a central laboratory within the enterprise to measure the indicators that are difficult to measure such as trace elements. In this way, the basic laboratory at each site can measure only five conventional routines: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, and organic matter. In addition, to improve the quality of the analysis, a reference sample can be set up to control the accuracy of the base analysis. Enterprises without conditions can use the test resources of scientific research institutions or universities to achieve this function.
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