Recently, scientists at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom and researchers from other European research institutes have discovered that a rare genetic mutation in a tumor of a patient with Bowel Cancer is associated with a better prognosis in these patients. Patients with such genetic mutations may be able to prevent bowel cancer recurrence without chemotherapy after surgery.
The basis for precise medical treatment of cancer is the division of cancer patients into different small groups through biomarkers, and targeted treatment for the characteristics of these groups. Sometimes, biomarkers that separate cancer patients appear only in a small number of patients. In a study published in the journal Lancet-Liver Stomach and Liver Disease, a genetic mutation that researchers are concerned with is a genetic mutation that rarely occurs in tumors of patients with colorectal cancer, but it is The patient's prognosis is very important.
Intestinal cancer is a common cancer, accounting for about 10% of cancer patients
This genetic mutation is present in the POLE gene encoding DNA polymerase ε, which is present in only 1 to 2% of tumors in patients with intestinal cancer. The role of DNA polymerase ε is to repair errors that occur during DNA replication. Therefore, if a gene mutation in the POLE gene affects the error correction function of DNA polymerase ε, tumor cells carrying such mutations will accumulate genetic mutations far exceeding those of other cells due to a decrease in error correction function. The researchers found that CD8-positive lymphocyte infiltration was significantly increased in these tumors, and the expression of specific markers and released cytokines of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was also significantly increased. At the same time, compared with other patients, the probability of recurrence of intestinal cancer in patients with tumors containing POLE mutations was significantly reduced. The probable cause is that the tumor cells accumulate a large number of genetic variations, resulting in proteins that are more easily detected by the patient's immune system and thus attacked by the immune system.
Dr. David N. Church, co-author of the study
Dr. David N. Church, co-author of the article, Ph.D., Department of Oncology and Immunology, University of Oxford, said: "We have previously discovered with other researchers that POLE mutations can be used to classify patients with a good prognosis in patients with uterine cancer. Studies have shown that this correspondence is also applicable in colorectal cancer. Next, we want to determine whether these tumors that accumulate a large number of genetic mutations will be more sensitive to the treatment of the targeted immune system, because whether sensitive to immunotherapy is the decision of the patient An important factor in prognosis."
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