Occurrence characteristics
Diseases of Botrytis cinerea occur early, and the epidemic is rapid. It reaches its peak in March and April every year. It mainly harms young fruits and young larvae, often causing young fruit and young larvae to become soft, shrinking and rot quickly. The surface has dense gray mold layer. Young fruit and young larvae can cause stem rot when they are attached to stems. The rate of diseased plants and the rate of disease outbreaks were widespread in 7-10 days.
Botrytis cinerea is a kind of saprophytic bacterium. It likes to invade from the leaves and petals of corruption. It generally starts offensively on the leaves of the plant leaves after it has dried up and then returns to the tide. It forms a “V†type lesion that expands from the edge to the inside on the leaves. , And the formation of a gray grape spike layer.
Diffusion approach
1. After the bottom leaves are affected by the fertilizer damage, they are infected from the edges of the leaves.
2. Contaminated pollen scattered in the leaves, causing bacteria invasion.
3. Stem wounds or diseased leaves attached to the stem are susceptible to infection.
4. Overwintering or residual pathogenic bacteria in the soil invade from the stem base.
5. Invasion of Botrytis cinerea from the remaining petals.
6. The dead petals and leaves stick to the fruit surface, causing the bacteria to invade from the fruit surface.
Prevention
First, clean up the environment of the shed, reduce the source of dyeing
Before the planting, we must remove the debris from the shed and the dead leaves, remove the diseased leaves, diseased flowers, diseased fruits, and the lower yellow leaves and old leaves in time. After the removal, it is best to use a plastic bag to seal it and bring it to the outside to be buried or burned. Wash hands after cleaning, and then perform other plant management operations to avoid human-induced spread of germs.
Second, strengthen the greenhouse facilities and plant management
(1) Improve cultivation techniques and strengthen field management. Double ridge membrane and drip irrigation technology under the membrane to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse; watering is best performed on a sunny day and avoid raining on rainy days; when the temperature reaches 25°C to 30°C in the noon, ventilation and dehumidification increase the carbon dioxide and reduce the humidity. To about 70%.
(2) According to the specific conditions and species morphological characteristics, reasonable close planting. The application of basal fertilizer, which is based on decomposing farmyard manure, with the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, makes the plants too dense and long, affecting ventilation and light transmission, and reducing plant resistance.
Third, improve plant resistance
(1) Choose good breeds and keep seedlings close. Selection of disease-resistant seedlings can improve tomato resistance to gray mold. After the planting, the whole process of immunization of the plant can enhance the immunity of the plant, promote the secretion of plant immune substances such as phytoalexin and lignin, stimulate the allergic necrosis reaction of the plant, and promptly block the outbreak of germs and avoid the loss of production due to gray mold. Or no income.
(2) Avoid pruning and forking after touching the diseased leaf or fruit. Remove residual petal and stigma in time to prevent bacteria from harming plant leaves or fruit through residual petal or stigma.
(3) Decrease the amount and concentration of hormones during flowering. Improper use of hormones will cause the petal not to come off. Even though the outside air is relatively dry, the humidity of the dried petals between the sepals and the fruit is still very high. Botrytis cinerea is easily invaded.
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