Release date: 2016-02-29
On February 24th, a study published online in Nature, an international team led by Australian researchers analyzed the genetics of pancreatic cancer, revealing that pancreatic cancer is actually four separate diseases. Each has different genetic triggers and survival rates; this study lays the foundation for more accurate diagnosis and treatment.
This important finding also includes 10 genetic pathways in the conversion of normal pancreatic tissue into malignant tumors, some of which are associated with bladder cancer and lung cancer, which also opens the door to treatment of pancreatic cancer using these cancer treatments. . Professor Sean Grimmond of the University of Melbourne Cancer Research Center, who led the study, said: "We urgently need to understand more about the genetic causes of pancreatic cancer because most patients can only live for a few months after being diagnosed."
Four subtypes of pancreatic cancer
In the study, this team of international scientists conducted an integrated genomic analysis for the first time. They combine the detection of a variety of techniques, including not only gene sequences, but also structural mutations and gene activities. Over the past seven years, scientists have analyzed the pancreatic tumor genome of 456 patients and identified 32 of the 10 genetic pathways.
Further gene activity analysis identified four different tumor subtypes: Squamous, Pancreatic Progenitor, Immunogenic and ADEX (Aberrantly Differentiated Endocrine eXocrine). This study suggests that pancreatic cancer is best differentiated into four separate diseases, each with different survival rates, treatments, and genetic characteristics. For example, patients with Squamous pancreatic cancer have an average survival of only 4 months, about half of the other types.
The results also suggest that many genes associated with Squamous pancreatic cancer are also highly expressed in other squamous types of tumors; the Pancreatic Progenitor type of pancreatic cancer is associated with a genetic network that regulates early embryonic development of the pancreas. The identification of ADEX pancreatic cancer is associated with a very important transcriptional network during the late stages of pancreas development and differentiation, a subtype of the Pancreatic Progenitor type. In addition, Immunogenic pancreatic cancer exhibits significant immune penetration while sharing many features with the Pancreatic Progenitor type.
Application prospects
Most patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer will be told that their lives will be less than a year, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, and only 1% of them will survive after 10 years of diagnosis. 40 years have not changed. Determining the patient's subtype can help the doctor provide more accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Immunogenic pancreatic cancer may be an effective response to cancer immunotherapy.
At the same time, the identification of genetic mechanisms provides a good molecular basis for the development of anticancer drugs. Dr. Emma Smith of Cancer Research in the UK said: "Identifying different types of pancreatic cancer and revealing the complexity of the disease is an important step in finding more effective therapies, which will help patients get a more appropriate treatment."
Source: Bio Valley
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