1, colonization
1 Preparation before planting: The site-building application of basal fertilizer is generally based on high-quality farmyard fertilizer, 2000 kg per mu, 60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, and 30-40 kg of superphosphate. The width of the ditch is 180-200 cm.
2 planting time: sunny before 10 o'clock or after 4 pm colonization, pouring enough water.
3 Planting methods and density: Care should be taken to raise the seedlings and protect the seedlings from spreading. If the seedlings are nursed, the bags should be taken off and transplanted. Single rows were planted with 100-120 cm spacing, 180-200 cm spacing and 200-300 plants per acre.
2, fertilizer and water management
Seedlings colonized after 7-10 days can be used 0.2-0.4% of the compound fertilizer to raise the seedlings. After 10-15 days, the second fertilizer is applied according to the plant growth. 0.5% ternary compound fertilizer can be used to flower the seedlings. The first 0.8% ternary compound fertilizer can be applied for the third time, and the melon can grow up to half of the time. The 0.8% ternary compound fertilizer can be used for the fourth time, and then the 1-2 times for each harvesting and 0.8% ternary compounding can be applied. fat.
3, scaffolding and plant adjustment
1 Straddling the vine: When the vine grows to about 30 centimeters, it needs to be stretched. The scaffolding method is different because of the cultivation habits in different regions. There are several ways such as a raised frame, a flat scaffolding, and a fence frame. The flat scaffolding is used more often. The flat scaffolding is generally about 160 cm from the surface.
2 Plant Adjustment: The bitter gourd has strong branching ability. The main vines and side vines can be squashed. The pruning should be properly carried out. The lateral buds below 50 cm from the ground should be removed promptly. After the main vines are put on the shelves, all the side vines under the sheds should be removed. The side vines on the scaffolding are no longer removed, but they must be properly adjusted according to the distribution of the vines on the racks and distributed as evenly as possible to facilitate ventilation.
4. Pest control
The main diseases of balsam pear are: powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, and viral disease. The main pests are: aphids, melons, noctuids, fruit fly and so on.
1 Principle of prevention and control: In accordance with the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, adhere to the principle of harmless control based on “agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and chemical control as supplementsâ€.
2 Agricultural control: Select the varieties with high resistance and multi-resistance for the main pest and disease control objects; implement a strict rotation system, rotate with non-guay crops for more than 3 years, and apply water and drought rotation in areas where conditions permit; deep trench sorghum covering the mulch Cultivate age-appropriate seedlings and improve stress resistance; balance fertilization according to soil fertility, increase application of adequately decomposed organic fertilizers, reduce application of chemical fertilizers, prevent soil eutrophication, and clean the pastoral areas.
3 physical control: covering the silver gray film can repel aphids; warm soup soaking or drug soaking to kill bacteria.
4 Biological control: natural enemies: actively protect and use natural enemies and prevent and control pests and diseases.
Biological agents: Pesticides such as veratrine, matrine, azadirachtin, etc. and biological pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, neomycin, BT powder, avermectin, etc. are used to prevent pests.
5 Pharmacy control: Strictly control the dosage of pesticides and master the safety interval, insist on using high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, and prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides. The main control objects and applicable pesticides and methods of use are as follows:
Phlegm-falling disease: 72.2% Precise 500-600 times irrigate; 30% ointment water 1000 times + 50% mancozeb WP 500 times spray; 72.2% Propamoide 800 times spray .
Powdery mildew: 15% triadimefon (triadimefon) wettable powder 1500 times spray; 30% cypermethrin wettable powder 1500-2000 spray.
Downy mildew: 50% BDP, MnZn, WP, 500x spray; 72.2%, Proplowater, 800x spray; 69% Dimethomorph, wettable powder, 1000x spray.
Fusarium wilt: 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution root irrigation; 10% double effect Ling agent 200 times spray; grafted seedling cultivation.
Virus disease: NS-83 increasing agent 100 times spray; 20% hydrochloric acid morpholinium copper 500 times spray; 5% bacteria poison water 300 times spraying.
Locust: 5% imidacloprid water spray 1000-1500 times.
Gualou: Guardian water repellent 1500-2000 times spray; Losn water agent 800-1000 times spray; 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000-3000 spray.
Bactrocera dorsalis: adults were baited with a sex attractant; 2.5% deltamethrin was sprayed at 3000 times; 50% earthworm was sprayed at 2000 times.
5, timely harvest
12-15 days after the bitter gourd flowers, full of knobs, smooth skin, the top of the light when the fruit harvest suitable period, should be harvested in time. When harvesting, care should be taken to avoid scratching the skin and affecting the appearance and storage of the product.
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