Under the general downward trend in the prices of traditional staple foods, transformation and planting has become the first choice for many farmers. Recently, farmers in Xiangyang, Xiaoxian and other places called to inquire about potato planting. To this end, the reporter interviewed Liao Huajun, director of the Alien Potato Research Center of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Planting can be planted in northern Fujian
Potatoes are commonly known as potatoes. In people's impressions, they are often prolific in areas where there is a lack of water in the northwest. In addition, a large part of the potatoes sold on agricultural product wholesale markets come from places such as Qinghai, Gansu, and Shandong, so it is easy for some growers to think that our province is not suitable for planting. What is the real situation then?
“The potato has the advantages of water saving, high yield, high efficiency, and short growing period. Not only can the province grow seeds but also grow in northern Fujian and southern Fujian.†Liao Huajun said that Anhui can grow potatoes in spring and autumn each year. At present, the province's potato planting area is about 1 million mu, which is suitable for the "rice-potato" crop rotation, and the "potato-maize, soybean, cotton" crop rotation.
Is planting different in area, leading to different quality and output?
“From the north of Anhui Province to southern Jiangxi Province, the climate has little difference. Farmers can judge whether they can plant, mainly by looking at the soil rather than the region.†Liao Huajun told reporters that like sandy soil and sandy loam soils are more suitable for planting potatoes, but sticky. The soil is not suitable. "Some paddy soils, shajiang black soils, etc. can also be planted by improving and adopting new cultivation methods."
Now, along the Huaihe River and Huaibei regions, there has been a rotation pattern of “potato-corn, cucumber†and “sheaf potato-edamame-watermelonâ€; south of Hefei has adopted the “rice + potato†model. In terms of cost, potato planting, agricultural film, fertilizer, pesticides, and labor are all required for the planting of potatoes for a total of 1,000 yuan. The average yield in Anhui is about 4,000 pounds. When the greenhouse potato was listed in April last year, the land purchase price reached 1.7-1.8 yuan/kg. Taken together, planting potatoes is more profitable than planting staple foods.
Promote the "rice-potato" rotation
Our province is located in the Central Plains. Compared with the northwest region, where drought is less water and potatoes are the staple food, farmers' attention on potatoes is far less than the former. However, at present, the state's strategy of potato grain growth may bring development opportunities.
On January 5, 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture formally identified the potato as the fourth staple food after wheat, rice, and corn. It is estimated that by 2020, more than 50% of the potatoes will be consumed as staple foods, and the country's planting area will increase from the current more than 80 million mu to 150 million mu. In order to implement the national potato staple grain strategy and optimize the agricultural planting structure, in September last year, the Provincial Agriculture Commission also released the “2016 Taoling Potato Production Increase Model Key Projectâ€.
In fact, our province, especially Jianghuai, has an advantage in planting potatoes.
It is understood that the current major potato production areas in North China, Northwest China, and Southwest China have little potential for area increase due to water resources and natural, geographical, and climatic factors. The next battlefield for the potato industry will inevitably move to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In Anhui, there are sufficient paddy field and winter free field. 20 million mu of rice production area and 8 million mu of winter free field will be the inevitable choice for the development of the potato industry through the "rice-potato" rotation.
According to statistics, in terms of yield and benefits, potato production in Anhui Province is second only to Qinghai and Shandong, ranking third in the country; economic benefits per mu are second only to Shandong, ranking second in the country.
Temperature and moisture are key
At present, the average mu yield of potato in the whole country is 2300 pounds, and the yield of potato in our province is more than 3,000 to 5,000 pounds. In fact, the highest production record for potato cultivation is in Tengzhou, Shandong, which produces over 5,000 kilograms per mu.
Why is the difference in potato yield between different regions so large? Liao Huajun believes that the drought in northwest China is not high enough, and Tengzhou is mostly finely planted in greenhouses. Aside from the differences in soil, moisture, and climate, the gap between our province and Shandong farmers is on the technical side. If the growers in our province have mastered the efficient cultivation techniques, the problem of stable production of 4000-6000 kg per mu is not significant.
Compared with edible potatoes, the vegetable type is more suitable for planting in Anhui and has a higher profit. It is reported that potatoes are vegetatively propagated crops, and their seedlings are easily degraded, and virus-free seedlings should be used in production. Anhui should use early maturing varieties such as Feiwuruiqi, Zhongshu No.3, Zhongshu No.5, Zhongshu No.8, and Early Big White.
Liao Huajun said that in planting, the choice should be flat, dry and pourable, canopy energy, deep plowing layer, loose sandy loam soil or soil land is suitable; planting with potato planter, fertilization, sowing, ridging, covering the film Simultaneous completion; greenhouse cultivation can be used to open the ditch with multi-functional pastoral management machines, artificial fertilization, sowing, and then use mechanical cover soil.
"In terms of field management, in addition to timely membrane rupture, cultivator cultivation and topdressing, moisture and temperature are the key factors." Liao Huajun reminded growers that potatoes are not drought tolerant and should be watered as needed. For example, when the temperature in early spring is low, watering is appropriate, watering is performed on the cultivator, and water is drained in time after the rain. Greenhouse planting should manage the temperature well. Before sowing, it should be about 10 days before sowing, so as to promote seedling and early emergence; when it is more than 70%, it should start to cool and the growth period should be controlled at 20-25 °C.
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