Through the promotion of artificial insemination technology over the years, the use of frozen semen and the adoption of artificial insemination techniques to improve breeding cattle have been recognized by the majority of cattle farmers. At the same time, during the artificial insemination of yellow cattle, it should have a moderate lyrical condition, too much fat or too thin. In order to better enable grass-roots artificial insemination technicians to master this technology, the author will make a special exchange of work experience for several years for reference.
Cow estrus identification
Cow initial schedule selection. Cattle generally reach sexual maturity from 8 months to 12 months, and reach body maturity from 18 months to 24 months. Cattle need to reach the maturity of the body before they can be allocated.
Seasonal effects on cow reproduction. Although the cow has estrus throughout the year, there is no seasonality, and it begins to heat up at a certain age, but it is also affected by the seasonal climate and many factors. The cattle are mostly estrus from May to July.
The main features of cow estrus stage. When the cow reaches sexual maturity, it begins to cycle. Generally, the personality cycle is 18 days to 24 days, with an average of 21 days. However, there are also differences between different individuals and breeds. In the artificial insemination work, it must be determined according to the actual situation.
In order to facilitate beginners' understanding and understanding, the estrus of cows is divided into 4 stages:
At the beginning of estrus, the cows were nervous, uneasy, and have reduced appetite. Sometimes standing, sometimes squeaking, likes to approach the bull but does not allow the bull to climb, but sometimes it crawls across other cattle. The surface of the vagina is shiny, with a small amount of mucus attached, mucus is transparent, thin, and the water sample is not viscous.
At the height of the estrus, the cows were excited, extremely anxious, reduced their appetite or did not eat, shouted, raised their tails, frequently urinated and cross-climactically, and accepted bulls to climb. At this point, vaginal mucosa flushing, mucus, viscosity, glassy and transparent. The mouth of the cervix is ​​flushed, the cervix is ​​opened or fully opened, and more mucus flows out.
In the late estrus period, the cow’s mental state and appetite gradually returned to normal, and the libido decreased. Although the bulls still followed, they did not accept the climb.
The mood period is the physiological quiescent period. At this time, there is no obvious sexual activity in the sex organs. The cow has returned to normal and the feeding has returned to normal.
How to do a timely breeding of cows. Timely mating should be determined according to the ovulation time of the cows, and the mating time can be determined according to the cow's estrus behaviour, the properties of the outflowing mucus, and the rectal examination of the follicular development. From the performance point of view, after the cows are standing still and accepting the process of other cattle's crawling, when they find that they have refused to climb, they can be bred when the external estrus performance is about to be terminated. From the point of view of the estrus efflux, the mucus is thin. The transparency is sticky and slightly turbid. Sticking the mucus by hand can pull a very long wire and it can be bred constantly. Through the rectal examination, it was found that the follicles were enlarged, the follicle diameter was more than 1 cm, the vesicles became thinner, and the fluctuation was obvious. When the blister wall was broken, it was ready to be seeded. At this time, there are 6 hours to 8 hours from ovulation. After losing the breeding, the fertility rate is the highest. By first seeing the cow estrus in the morning, the infusion time is afternoon or evening. The first time the cow was seen in the heat in the afternoon or evening, the insemination time was the next morning.
Thawing of fine tube frozen essence
Use a tweezers to remove a fine tube of frozen essence from the liquid nitrogen tank. Take care not to pull the thin tube bag out of the liquid nitrogen tank and thaw in a 38°C-40°C water bath for 30 seconds to make the temperature rise even. Then microscopic examination, using a glass slide containing a small amount of semen under a microscope at 150 times, with 0.3 or more qualified. Dry the straw with a paper towel with good water absorption, check the type and type of the semen you are taking, and use the end of the thin tube tampon as the bottom, raise the height by hand and flush with the eye, cut the 0.5 cm or so closed end, cut the mouth to the right , Sections should be cut, cut a complete round incision. Then load the insemination gun for use. Thawed thawed sperm must be inseminated as soon as possible, too long will affect the conception rate, it is best within 30 minutes after thawing semen into the estrous cow uterus. In winter, the thawed fine tube jelly is best kept warm before inseminating so that the sperm loses its ability to be fertilized by a cold blow. In practice, some technicians insert spermatozoa with fine tube of semen into the back and rely on human body temperature for warming.
Cow insemination technical operation
Insemination is the last technical link of artificial insemination, and it is the key to the success of the entire work. The timely and accurate delivery of a certain amount of semen to the estrous cow uterus is the key to guaranteeing the conception of the cow. In the author's insemination operation, the main use of the rectum is to grasp the cervical insemination method. First, cut the nails and rub them with soap to lubricate your hands. With your left hand, turn your fingers together and hold them in a tapered shape. Slowly insert the cow's anus and rinse the stools in the rectum. If there is more fecal material in the anus, rinse with water. Then, with the finger to find out the position of the cervix, you can feel the cylindrical hard tissue under the rectum - the cervix. After finding it, hold the cervix on the intestine wall and fix it. Finally, the right hand holds the insemination gun at an angle of 45 degrees to incline upwards, avoiding the urethral opening, inserting the vagina, and then inserting it straight forward until the rim of the cervix is ​​at the outer edge, that is, there is a rustling feeling between the inside and outside hands. With the help of the insemination gun, slowly move through the wall of the cervix and into the uterus. Make sure that the infusion tube has entered the uterus about 5 cm to 6 cm. The semen can be slowly infused for about 10 seconds. . When injecting, the uterus can be pressed down slightly by hand to make the inseminar barrel low before high, so that the semen can flow into the uterus and avoid backward flow. After the completion of insemination, the intubation barrel is slowly withdrawn, and then the cervix is ​​gently pressed by hand. It is best to withdraw the hand. This completes the entire process. You can also use your hands to press the calf's crotch or press the bovine's genitals by hand to stimulate cow muscle contraction and prevent semen backflow.
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