Flammulina velutipes cultivation technology Daquan, Flammulina velutipes fleshy crisp, delicious taste, good taste, extremely rich nutrition, and has a good health care role. In the summer, the use of cold storage temperature control cultivation of Flammulina velutipes has a good effect. The main technologies are now introduced as follows:
The suitable formula for the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes in cold storage is
(1) Corncob 50 kg, bran 5 kg, corn flour 2.5 kg, gypsum powder 0.5 kg.
(2) 15 kg of wood chips, 35 kg of cotton seed shell, 5 kg of bran, 2.5 kg of corn flour, and 0.5 kg of gypsum powder. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, add water according to the ratio of 1: (1.2~1.4). The water content is not dripping when the material is tightly held by hand. The pH value is between 6 and 7. If the pH value is not suitable, it can be adjusted with lime. . After the mixing, the material was placed in a plastic bag having a size of 17 cm × (30 to 33 cm). Mixing and bagging must be completed on the same day.
Sterilization: After the bag is installed, put it into a normal pressure sterilizing pot, simmer it, let the temperature of the material reach 100 °C within 6 hours, then keep the smolder for 20 hours, remove the bag for 2 hours after the ceasefire, and take care to prevent the bag from rupturing.
Inoculation: When the temperature of the bag drops below 25 °C, inoculate the disinfection inoculation tools and strains before inoculation. Generally, 500 g of bottled bacteria can be used for 25 to 0 bags.
Management of the germination period: After the inoculation, the temperature of the culture chamber is controlled at 20 to 24 ° C, and the water is ventilated and sprayed in time. After about 30 days, the bag opening should be opened in due course.
Management of the fruiting period: the temperature during the mushrooming period is controlled at 10 to 13 °C. Planting in the cold storage should pay attention to increase the oxygen supply. If the oxygen is insufficient, the mushroom will be small and the mushroom handle will be thin. Generally, it can be harvested 15 days after opening.
Harvesting standards: the stipe length is 12 to 18 cm, and the diameter of the mushroom is 0.5 to 1.5 cm. After the first raft is harvested, the water can be sprayed. After 11 to 12 days, the sputum can be harvested, generally 4 to 6 采 can be harvested. Harvesting should be carried out at night and sold in the morning.
Selection of temperature for Flammulina velutipes cultivation technology
The growth stages of Flammulina velutipes have different temperature requirements. The temperature range of mycelium growth is 3～34°C, and the optimum temperature is about 23°C. The temperature required for fruiting body differentiation is 10～15°C, and the optimum temperature is 12～13°C. The primordium can be grown in the range of 10 to 20 ° C. When it exceeds 23 ° C, the formed primordium will shrink and disappear. The temperature required for the normal growth of the fruiting body is 5-20 °C, the optimum temperature is 8-12 °C, and the short-term suppression treatment of the cold wind at 4 °C after the fruit body occurs can make the Flammulina velutipes tidy and the mushroom shape round.
Humidity mushroom cultivation technology requirements for humidity
In the growth stage of Flammulina velutipes, the water content of the culture material is required to be 60% to 68%. It has been proved that the water content of the culture material can be increased according to the different texture of the culture material, which can play a certain role in increasing yield. If the culture material moisture is less than 50%, the mycelial growth is sparse and the structure is not good; if the moisture is higher than 75%, the ventilation is poor, the mycelium grows slowly or stops growing.
The optimal water content of the fruiting body forming culture material is 65%, and less than 50% of the fruiting bodies will not form. When the primordium is differentiated, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 80%-85%. During the development of the fruit body, high relative humidity of the air is required. In addition to relying on its own water to satisfy the growth and development of the mushroom body, the relative humidity of the air should be increased to 85%. 95%.
Air mushroom requirements for cultivation of Flammulina velutipes
Flammulina velutipes is an aerobic fungus. It must have enough oxygen supply to grow normally. Therefore, the mycelium growth stage and fruit body development stage need sufficient oxygen. Otherwise, the growth of the mushroom is slow, the stipe is slender, and no cap is formed. mushroom. The fruiting body of Flammulina velutipes is sensitive to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. When the carbon dioxide content exceeds 1%, the development of the cap is inhibited. When it exceeds 5%, the fruiting body cannot be formed.
Flammulina cultivation technique for light requirements
Flammulina velutipes is a phototrophic fungus. Hyphae can grow normally under dark conditions, and the primordium can be formed in complete darkness. During the growth phase of the fruiting body, certain scattered light has a promoting effect on the formation of the fruit body.
The requirements of the cultivation technique of Flammulina velutipes on pH
Flammulina velutipes requires a weakly acidic medium and can grow normally in the range of pH 3 to 8.4. In the growth stage of mycelium, the optimum pH value of the culture material is 4-7. In a certain pH range, the alkalinity of the culture material will delay the occurrence of the fruit body, and the slightly acidic culture material and the mycelium grow vigorously. The fruiting body produced the fastest at pH 5-6, and the pH of the culture material was lower than 3 or higher than 8, and the hyphae stopped growing or no fruiting bodies occurred.
The cultivation method of Flammulina velutipes has two kinds of clinker cultivation and raw material cultivation.
Cultivation of clinker and cultivation of Flammulina velutipes by clinker refers to a cultivation method in which the culture material is inoculated under normal conditions by autoclaving or autoclaving. This method has a high success rate, neatly produced mushrooms, and high yield.
Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes at natural temperature during the cultivation season, selection of a suitable production season is an important part of obtaining high quality and high yield.
Flammulina velutipes is a low-temperature type of fungus. The mycelial growth range is 7-30 °C, the best 23 °C; the fruiting body differentiation and development range is 3-18 °C, and the best growth is at 12-13 °C. When the temperature is lower than 3 °C, the cap will become maltose and the deformed mushroom will appear.
Artificial cultivation should be based on local natural temperatures. In the south, in the late autumn, the north is inoculated in the middle and autumn, and the mycelium can be cultured by utilizing the natural temperature. After the hyphae mature, the weather is getting colder and the temperature is falling, which is suitable for the low temperature climate of fruiting body growth and development. The provinces in the south of the Yangtze River usually inoculate between October and November, and after about 1 month of bacterioculture, they will enter the mushrooming period from November to December.
The mountainous areas with low altitude and the north of the Yangtze River can be inoculated in September in advance and in November. It can also be inoculated in early spring to warm the spring mushroom. In the low-altitude Pingchuan area, vaccination should be postponed appropriately. In order to solve the market demand for Flammulina velutipes in summer, we can use cold storage to produce Flammulina velutipes.
In the cultivation place, the cultivation of Flammulina velutipes is divided into two major steps: hair growth and mushrooming. The germinating stage requires the site to be insulated, ventilated and clean. In the mushrooming stage, it is best to build a semi-underground mushroom house in the outdoor, that is, digging 1 m deep into the ground, and then using a soil to pick up a 1 m high wall, covered with plastic film and straw curtain.
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