Bullock fish, also known as jumping fish, mud cows, flowers jump. The fish is small, but it is nutritious and delicious.
Morphological characteristics
The individuals of the large-scale mudskipper are small, mature individuals are generally 80 mm to 90 mm in length and weigh between 15 g and 25 g. Large individuals grow up to 120 mm to 150 mm in size and 30 to 40 g in weight. The body side is flat, the back edge is straight, the ventral edge is lightly curved, the tail shank is taller, and the body and head are rounded. The first dorsal fin is high, the base is short, and there are five fin spines extending in filamentous shape; the second dorsal fin is lower, and the caudal fin base is backward and backward, the pelvic fins are short, the pectoral fins, and the caudal fins are all rounded. Body blue-brown or gray-brown, with 6 to 7 gray-black stripes located along the dorsal pedicle base at the upper part of the body, many bright blue dots spread across the body and head, white belly, dark blue first dorsal fin, second dorsal fin Blue-gray, pale yellow pelvis, caudal fins grayish black.
Habits and habits
The fish is a small, warm, temperate, tropical coastal fish that is found in Malaysia, North Korea, Japan, South China Sea and East China Sea; Guangdong is mainly located in the Pearl River Estuary, Leizhou Bay and other places. Inhabiting salty and freshwater waters in estuaries, near-shore tidal flats, or muddy sediments in low tide areas are resistant to harsh water quality. Wide-salinity, hi cave dwelling, the hole is generally Y-shaped, consisting of a hole, a positive orifice, and a posterior orifice. Positive orifices are used for access, and rear orifices are used for ventilation. Rely on the pectoral and caudal peduncles to crawl or jump on the water, on the beach or on the rocks. Apply to the mud to feed benthic diatoms, blue-green algae, and eat a small amount of copepods and organic matter.
Reproduction and growth
The breeding season of the big salamander fish is from April to September each year, and each broodstock can lay about 10,000 eggs. Eggs are spherical and viscous yellow. In summer and autumn, a large number of fry can be seen in the estuary where the proportion of seawater is less than 1.015. The growth rate is slow, and it usually takes 1 to 2 years from seedlings to adult fish.
Farming and Fishing
The culture of the mudskipper fish has long been popular in some areas of Taiwan and Southeast Asia and is still relatively rare in mainland China. The structure of the pool for big bunting fish is roughly the same as that of the milkfish. The bottom of the pool should generally be higher than the low tide line and must be flat. The bottom quality is better with clay; the depth of the pool is 5 cm to 15 cm, and the depth is not conducive to growth; pool water The salinity is between 1.010 and 1.020. When the water temperature is 24°C~30°C, it grows faster. Before the fry is released, it must be used to dry the floor, apply the base fertilizer, disinfect it, drive away the miscellaneous fish and predators, and then inject water to cultivate the algae. The fry stocking time is generally from June to September, and the stocking amount for each public item is usually 30,000. The growth rate of the big salamander fish is related to the pond environment, algae status, and management techniques. The fishing harvest time is 1 year to 2 years.
Large catch fish can be caught by hand catching method, cage catching method and hanging net method. Hand catching method is a catcher who finds a fish hole and then directly grabs it along the tunnel. The disadvantage is that the catch or survival rate is low. The cage trapping method is to catch the fish hole after the catcher, close the hole with mud, use the mouth of the fish cage to insert it into the positive hole, wait until it is out of the hole and enter the fish cage and capture it. The method of hanging nets is to use the habit of large-bombed fish, first discharge the pool water to 2 cm shallow or drain the pool, and set up the hanging net at the water inlet of the pond, and use the water at the high tide to inject water slowly. The large-scale mud-coated fish will cluster countercurrently into the net. Pull the rope to lift the catch.
Breeding and Breeding of Bullet Fish
Breeding pond structure
The use of the original bomb-coated fish breeding pool 17 acres, pool water depth of 50 cm to 80 cm, ground sediment for sediment. There are several rows of digging trenches in the pool. Divide a ditcher every 2 meters. The size of each ditches is 1 meter wide and 30 to 40 centimeters deep. Formed around the ditch around the ring cloth, and the pool of water to open up each other unimpeded. The entire nursery pond is rectangular, and the two sides of the pond are slightly deeper, which is conducive to the collection of fish, fish, and fish. In the ditch, a cylinder made of ceramics is placed every 2 meters horizontally, with a diameter of 10 centimeters and a length of 50 centimeters.
The choice of broodstock
1. Source of broodstock: At present, in the coastal waters of Fujian Province, it is difficult to purchase broodstock of the size and can be used for the mass production of shellfish fry, and the broodstock is mainly from Taiwan. Introduce artificially cultivated broodstock older than 2 years old from Taiwan. Choose large individuals that are disease-free and non-invasive, generally requiring a body length of 20 cm to 23 cm and a weight of 160 g to 200 g.
2. Broodstock transport: 200 broodstock were purchased directly from Taiwan's eel-bearing fish seed farms, of which males accounted for 10%. The plastic film bags were filled with oxygen and packed in 4 sachets of broodstock and shipped from the port of Taiwan to the nursery for a total of 10 hours. The survival rate was 98%.
3. Identification of male and female: Ectoplasma hermaphroditic, broodstock identification in the non-breeding season is difficult. In the breeding season, males and females can be distinguished from the appearance of their quarantine holes: females have a red and round colony, a fish body is plump, the ovary is yellow, and the eggs are sticky eggs; the male fish hole is narrow and elongated and pointed. The fish is lean.
Breeding of broodstock
Before the broodstock enters the pond, it is necessary to do a good job of sterilizing the ponds in the cultivating pool and clearing the enemy pools. Each cubic body of water can be disinfected with a 1.5-gram bleaching solution sprinkling pool. Pool water temperature 27 °C ~ 28 °C, the proportion of l.013. The initial feeding of broodstock was dominated by benthic diatoms in breeding ponds, after which rice bran and biosynthetic hormone (Taiwan products) can be fed. To keep the water fresh and rich in dissolved oxygen, it is generally not necessary to feed it every day. The amount of water to be changed per day depends on the weather conditions. It is advisable to promote the development of gonads with microfluidic water.
Spawning and hatching
The broodstock was intensively reared and cultivated for more than one month. No artificial ripening was performed by artificial means, and no artificial hormone was used for ovulation. Only the gonads gradually matured within the hatchery pond, and the spawning time lasted for 16 days. After random sampling and counting, more than 330 million eggs were laid, and the average number of broodstock spawning was l. 50,000 tablets.
Breeding
On the fourth day after each batch of broodstock laid, fry can be hatched. The newly hatched fry mainly feed on floating plants and animals in breeding ponds, supplemented with appropriate amount of soybean milk, and sprinkled and fed twice a day to supplement the shortage of natural food. Changing the water once a day, change the amount of water 30% to 50%. After 60 days to 70 days of careful cultivation, the body length of the fish can reach 1 cm or more, and the survival rate is 45%. A total of more than 1.5 million seedlings have been cultivated.
Seed transport
Use plastic film bags to fill the oxygen packaging car. Each bag of water 1/3, into the body length of 1 cm fry 5000.
Large-bombed fish artificial pool culture technology
Pond choice
It is required that the ground be flat and that the bottom of the pool should be higher than the low tide line to facilitate fertilization and sun drying to promote the cultivation of benthic diatoms and breeding. Each aquarium is equipped with one entrance gate and one exit gate, and the ground floor should be slightly inclined toward the gate, and a gutter with a width of about 2 meters should be opened in the center to connect the gate for smooth drainage. In order to make holes for the infestation and propagation of algae, the bottom layer should be made of soft clay. The pond outside the pond should be higher, and conditions can be added to a fence to prevent fish and wild animals from invading. The pond area is generally 7 mu to 8 mu.
Clearance and disinfection
Before stocking, you should do a good job at the bottom of the pool to remove the enemies and other work, then soak in the water, use bleaching powder to disinfect, and use 1.5 grams of bleaching liquid per cubic meter of water. Newly-built aquaculture ponds can apply 40 kg of agricultural manure compost per acre, and the depth of the pool should be 6 cm to 8 cm.
Seed source
Artificial nursery or natural seedlings are used to collect natural seedlings from June to August. The catchers can use small hand-operated nets for fishing. Or buy seeds directly from Taiwan.
Seedlings and density
Buying more than 5cm of large eel-bearing fish seedlings, generally put people into a pool after April each year. The seedling density is generally 3000 to 5000/mu. If the density of seedlings is more than 5000 tails/mu, the supply of algae in the pond may be insufficient, and growth may be slowed down.
Fertilization and feeding
After breeding for a period of time, benthic diatoms in the pond have basically disappeared and the water quality begins to become cloudy. At this time, drainage, sun drying and fertilization should be promptly conducted to promote the reproduction of benthic diatoms. In terms of feeding, when the seedlings were first released, they were fed once a week, each time 50 kg of rice bran was fed per acre, and 2 kg of feed additives were added. Pool water depth is maintained at 8 cm to 10 cm. After breeding for 45 days, about 5 cm to 7 cm in body length, a deeper hole should be built. When the temperature is high, it is better to drain off the pool water in the sunny day, leaving some water in the ditch, and the sun is used for 3 days to 5 days. The bottom of the pool can be fertilized with water after being hardened. Rice bran, when the bottom of the pool is sun-dried, the fresh seawater is poured into 5 cm to 10 cm. One week later, adherent diatoms continue to multiply.
Note: Regardless of the application of feces, water and fertilizer, should not directly flow into the channel, it is best to use mixed feces and water and fertilizer, and after the application of water dilute and then injected, so as not to stimulate the large salamander fish inhabit the hole and cause death.
Daily management
First of all, when the weather is calm and sunny, drain and dry the pool. In case of cold winter cold, multiple water injections are suitable for maintaining water volume. Secondly, we must pay attention to the use of pesticides and prevent predation and other hazards of ferocious fish, birds, crabs, and conch species, such as sea otters.
Harvest and sale
Fishing method: Drain the pool water, keep the water level of the ditch, and look for the entrance and exit points of the big salamander. All imports have fish traces. Take the wet mud and close the mouth and align the fish cage with the mouth so that the fish can be automatically caught in the fish cage from the entrance.
The livelihood of the giant salamander is easy to transport, using a special circular sieve tray, 80 cm in diameter and 20 cm deep. The bottom of the sieve tray is covered with a plastic film. Put the commercial fish into the sieve tray and add a small amount of water. This will put several sieve trays into the fish and complete the packing task. 2 days to 3 days arrive destination, the survival rate of up to 100%.
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