The quality of hatching technology directly affects the effect of hatching. The hatching should master the external conditions, ie, temperature, humidity, ventilation, turning eggs, and eggs, and give the most suitable hatching conditions in order to obtain a higher hatching rate and health. Hatch rate.
1. Temperature
Temperature is the most important condition for hatching and it is the key to determining the success of hatching. Embryo development requires a certain temperature, and only a suitable temperature for embryonic development can be obtained in order to obtain a high hatching rate. The suitable temperature for hatching of black-bucked chickens is constant at 37.8°C, and the humidity at hatching is constant at about 37°C. Excessively high or too low temperatures can affect the development of embryos and, in severe cases, cause embryonic death. Different stages of embryonic development, the external temperature requirements are also different. In the early stage of hatching, due to the embryo’s just development, the body produces very little body heat and its ability to regulate temperature is poor. In this period, the incubation temperature is slightly higher. In the middle stage of incubation, the embryonic development is gradually accelerated, and the ability to regulate the temperature itself is increased. The incubation temperature It should be kept constant; after hatching, that is, hatching to 19 to 21 days, the embryo itself produces a lot of body heat, and it is necessary to transfer the embryos out of the hatching machine and wait for the chicks to hatch. At this time, the temperature should be slightly lower. The temperature of the machine is 1°C lower than the temperature inside the incubator (ie, 36.5 to 37°C).
2. Humidity
Humidity also plays a significant role in the development of chickens with embryos and is also an important condition for hatching. However, the adaptation range of the embryo to relative humidity is wider than that of the temperature, and the general requirement is 40 to 70%. Although the relative humidity in the south is relatively high, it is still necessary to master the main low changes in relative humidity. The relative humidity of black-breeding chicken hatching, in the initial stage of hatching (1 to 7 days), embryos need to form amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, higher humidity requirements, 60 ~ 65%; incubation period (8 ~ 18 days), due to embryonic amniotic fluid, The allantoic fluid needs to be discharged, and the relative humidity requirement is 50% lower. In the late stage of incubation (19 to 21 days), the chick is about to be hatched. In order to prevent the chick's villus and eggshell membrane from sticking, higher relative humidity should be given. It can be increased to about 70%.
3. Ventilation
As the embryo constantly absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide during its development, sufficient fresh air must be supplied to maintain the normal gas metabolism of the embryo. Therefore, ventilation is very important. If the ventilation in the incubator is good, oxygen in the normal development of the embryo can be satisfied in time, and the carbon dioxide in the surrounding air can be eliminated in time. The carbon dioxide content in the air around the eggs must not exceed 0.5%. Embryos are slower than 1%, mortality is high, and weak chicks are increased. Therefore, during the incubation, the incubator must keep the air fresh, the internal velocity normal, the size and position of the vent hole, and the appropriate fan speed. Ventilation holes do not need to be opened at the beginning of incubation, but the vent holes must be opened in the middle and later stages of incubation. Ventilation is closely related to temperature and humidity. Good ventilation, rapid heat dissipation, low humidity, poor ventilation, slow temperature distribution, and high humidity. Excessive ventilation makes it difficult to maintain the necessary temperature and humidity. Therefore, the relationship between the three should be comprehensively considered and the size of the vent should be properly adjusted.
4. turn the egg
During natural incubation, it was observed that the whelps chickens used their claws and mouth to move embryo eggs 30 to 40 times a day. This is a response to biological instincts and adapts to the physiological requirements of embryonic eggs. The purpose of turning the eggs is to avoid the adhesion of the embryos to the shell membrane; to allow the embryos to move and ensure the normal fetal position. When hatching, generally turn the egg once every 2.5 to 3 hours, after the egg hatches 18 days, you can stop turning the egg. The angle of turning eggs is generally 45 degrees forward or backward.
5. Cone egg
The main role of airing eggs is cooling. Contamination of eggs refers to an incubation procedure in which eggs are incubated for a certain period of time and the incubator door is opened to allow embryos and eggs to drop in temperature. Eggs are generally carried at the same time as turning eggs. If the hatching conditions are within the proper range, it is not necessary to dry the eggs. In the hot summer months, when the temperature is above 30°C, when the embryos hatch to their mid-stage, a large amount of body heat is generated, and the temperature inside the incubator is high. In this case, the eggs should be dried.
6. According to the egg
The purpose of egg-laying is to observe whether the embryonic development is normal. If abnormalities are found, identify the cause and adjust the hatching conditions in time so as to obtain a good hatching effect and remove no-finished eggs, dead-embryo eggs, and shelled eggs. Generally carried out 3 times, for the first time in 5 to 6 days after incubating, no eggs or cracked eggs will be detected; in the second time, about 11 days, the embryos will be detected midway to avoid deterioration during hatching. For the third time, when eggs are transferred, one side of the egg is placed on the side of the egg to check the eggs, and the later embryos are sorted out. This time is used as a reference for the control of the dropping time and the hatching environment.
7. Calculation of hatching rate
The hatching rate is a quantitative indicator reflecting hatchery performance. The calculation methods for some indicators on the hatching rate are now described as follows:
(1) Qualified rate of egg: It refers to the percentage of the number of eggs produced by the number of eggs produced according to the varieties and strains produced during the seed selection. Breeding rate of eggs = number of qualified eggs Total number of eggs × 100%
(2) Fertility rate: refers to the percentage of fertilized eggs in the hatchery. Fertility rate = number of fertilized eggs Number of hatched eggs × 100%
(3) Hatching rate: The percentage of hatching eggs or fertilized eggs was pointed out. Hatching rate of hatching eggs = Number of hatching eggs Number of hatched eggs × 100% Fertility of hatched eggs = Number of hatched eggs × 100%
(4) Rate of young chicks: refers to the percentage of healthy chicks that are normally hatched. Birth rate = number of chicks x 100%
(5) Breeding number of hens: This refers to the number of healthy chicks provided by each breeder hen within 500 days of age.
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